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Intro to Public Health > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

A dynamic state or condition of the human organism that is multidimensional in nature, a resource for living, and results from a person’s interactions with and adaptations to his or her environment

A

health

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2
Q

A. A group of people who have common characteristics
1. Can be defined by location, race, ethnicity, age, occupation, interest in particular problems or outcomes, or common bonds
B. Characterized by
1. Membership, common symbol systems, shared values and norms, mutual influence, shared needs and commitment to meeting them, shared emotional connection

A

community

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3
Q

shades of skin, biological features

A

race

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4
Q

cultural beliefs

A

ethnicity

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5
Q

actions that society takes collectively to ensure that the conditions in which people can be healthy can occur, most inclusive term

A

public health

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6
Q

health status of a defined group of people and the actions and conditions to promote, protect, and preserve their health

A

community health

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7
Q

takes a broader perspective, looking at the health outcomes of an entire population, which can include diverse communities and individuals

A

population health

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8
Q

health problems, issues, and concerns that transcend national boundaries (the world)

A

global health

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9
Q

Individual actions and decision making that affect the health of an individual or his or her immediate family members

A

Personal health activities

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10
Q

Activities aimed at protecting or improving the health of a population or community

A

Community/public health activities

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11
Q

3 classifications based on funding sources, responsibilities, and organizational structure

A

Governmental
Quasi-governmental
Nongovernmental

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12
Q

most widely recognized international governmental health organization

A

World Health Organizations (WHO)

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13
Q

study of distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to control health problems

A

epidemiology

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14
Q

one who practices epidemiology

A

epidemiologist

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15
Q

disease that occurs at an expected level in a population or in a certain location

A

endemic

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16
Q

similar to an epidemic except that it is used for more limited geographical areas

A

outbreak

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17
Q

unexpectedly large number of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or event in a particular population

A

epidemic

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18
Q

outbreak over wide geographical area

A

pandemic

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19
Q

Found cholera outbreak in London; Used mapping and analytic sources to find the source of the outbreak

A

John Snow

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20
Q

allow for comparison of outbreaks at different times or in different places

A

rates

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21
Q

those susceptible to particular disease or condition

A

population at risk

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22
Q

people afflicted (those who are sick)

A

cases

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23
Q

Number of new health-related events or cases of a disease, divided by population at risk

A

incidence rate

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24
Q

Number of new and old cases in a given period of time, divided by the total number in that population

A

prevalence rate

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25
Diseases of local public health concern; designated by states
reportable diseases
26
Conditions that warrant monitoring; designated by the CDC and Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE)
notifiable diseases
27
Average number of years a person from a specific cohort is projected to live from a given point in time
life expectancy
28
Number of years lost when death occurs before one’s life expectancy; Subtract person’s age at death from his or her life expectancy
Years of Potential Life Lost
29
Data collected by someone else, possibly for another purpose; Useful in planning of public health programs and facilities
Secondary data
30
summaries of records of major life events: birth, death, marriage, divorce, infant deaths
vital statistics
31
Investigations carried out when disease or death occurs in unexpected or unacceptable numbers
Epidemiological Studies
32
diseases for which biological agents or their products are the cause and that are transmissible from one individual to another
Communicable (infectious) diseases
33
ability of a biological agent to enter and grow in the host
Infectivity
34
cause of disease or health problem
Agent
35
susceptible person or organism invaded by an infectious agent
Host
36
factors that inhibit or promote disease transmission
Environment
37
capability of a communicable agent to cause disease in susceptible host
Pathogenicity
38
illnesses that cannot be transmitted from one person to another
Noncommunicable (noninfectious) diseases
39
diseases in which peak severity of symptoms occurs and subsides within 3 months
Acute
40
diseases or conditions in which symptoms continue longer than 3 months
Chronic
41
Step-by-step model to conceptualize the transmission of a communicable disease from its source to a susceptible host
Chain of Infection
42
disease-causing agent (virus, bacterium, etc.)
Pathogen
43
favorable environment for infectious agent to live and grow (human, animal, etc.)
Reservoir
44
path by which agent leaves host
Port of Exit
45
how pathogens are passed from reservoir to next host
Transmission
46
where agent enters susceptible host
Portal of Entry
47
susceptible to new infection being established
New host
48
diseases for which the reservoir resides in animal populations
Zoonoses
49
diseases for which humans are the only known reservoir
Anthroponoses
50
immediate transfer of disease agent between infected and susceptible individuals ex) Touching, biting, kissing, sexual intercourse
Direct transmission
51
transmission involving an intermediate step ex) Airborne, vehicleborne, vector borne, biological
Indirect transmission
52
nonliving objects by which agents are transferred to susceptible host
Vehicles
53
planning for and taking action to prevent or forestall onset of disease or health problems
Prevention
54
effort to control disease in progress; taking action during an event
Intervention
55
containment of a disease; prevention and intervention measures
Control
56
total elimination of disease from the human population
Eradication
57
Forestall onset of illness or injury during prepathogenesis period
Primary Prevention
58
Early diagnosis and prompt treatment before disease becomes advanced and disability severe
Secondary Prevention
59
Aimed at rehabilitation following significant pathogenesis; retrain, reeducate, rehabilitate
Tertiary Prevention
60
Contamination of the air that interferes with the comfort, safety, and health of living organisms
Air pollution
61
includes any physical or chemical change in water that can harm living organisms or make water unfit for other uses
Water Pollution
62
To ensure employers in private sector furnish each employee a workplace free from recognized hazards causing or likely to cause death or serious physical harm
Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSH Act)
63
this strategy involves shaping the physical environment to reduce or eliminate hazards
Environmental designs
64
measures taken to organize work or manage behavior to reduce exposure to hazards
Administrative control
65
these strategies focus on influencing individual behavior to enhance safety
Behavior strategies
66
substance conventional or scientific that affect the functioning of the body or mind when consumed
Drugs
67
substances that alter mental processes like mood or consciousness
Psychoactive drugs
68
consumption of a drug for its intended purpose like enhancement of well being, medical purpose, recreation
Drug use
69
using a drug in a way that is not recommended or for a purpose not for its intended use
Drug misuse
70
more severe form of misuse characterized by excessive or harmful use of a drug
Drug abuse
71
a condition where the body had adopted to the presence of a drug and stopping use leads to withdrawal symptoms
Drug (chemical) dependence
72
form of dependence that involves a strong emotional or mental dependence on a drug
Psychological dependence
73
Can be legally bought and sold in the marketplace; ex) Alcohol, nicotine, nonprescription (over-the-counter) drugs, prescription drugs
Legal Drugs
74
Marijuana, narcotics, cocaine and crack cocaine, hallucinogens, stimulants, depressants, club drugs and designer drugs, anabolic drugs, inhalants
Controlled substances and illegal (illicit) drugs
75
Number one drug problem in the United States
Alcohol
76
Psychoactive and addictive drug present in tobacco products
Nicotine
77
Legal drugs other than alcohol and tobacco that can be purchased without a physician’s prescription
Over-the-Counter Drugs (OTCs)
78
Can be purchased only with a physician’s prescription, because they have serious side effects for some people
Prescription Drugs

Intro to Public Health (1 decks)

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