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Intro To Computing > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Electronic device that receives, processes,
produces and stores data/information.

A

Computer

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2
Q

A data processing device

A

Computer

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3
Q

a programmable, multiuse machine that
accepts data (raw facts and figures) and
processes, or manipulates it into information
we can use

A

Computer

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4
Q

was originally a job title:
it was used to describe human beings
predominantly female whose job is to
Perform repetitive calculations

A

Computers

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5
Q

Was an early aid for
mathematical computations

A

Abacus

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6
Q

invented logarithms
which is a technology that allows
multiplication via addition.

A

John Napier(1617)

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7
Q

Logarithm values where carved
on ivory sticks which are now called

A

Napier’s Bones

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8
Q

Napier’s bones lead to the
Invention of

A

Slide ruler

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9
Q

First built in England in 1632
and was used by the NASA engineers
of the Mercury, Gemini and Apollo
programs which landed men in the
moon

A

Slide ruler

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10
Q

built the
first working calculator

A

Wilhelm Shickard

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11
Q

built a mechanical calculator
which could add and subtract numbers up to
eight digits

A

Blaise Pascal

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12
Q

expanded Pascal’s design and built a
mechanical calculator that could also multiply
and divide

A

Gottfried Wilhelm von leibniz

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13
Q

invented
the first programmable loom in which
removable wooden punch cards were used to
represent patterns

A

Joseph Marie jacquard

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14
Q

incorporated punch cards in
his Difference engine, a steam-powered
mechanical calculator for solving
mathematical equations

A

Charles Babbage

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15
Q

envisioned a more powerful
computer called Analytical engine which is a
general-purpose, programmable computer

A

Charles Babbage

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16
Q

provided step-by-step
instructions or subrouteines for the Analytical
engine which led the computing industry to
recognize her as the world’s first programmer

A

Augusta ada byron

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17
Q

designed a machine to sort
and tabulate data for the 1890 U.S. census,
employing punch cards to encode census data

A

Herman Hollerith

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18
Q

a mechanical switch
that can be used to control the flow of
electricity through a wire, consists of a
magnet attached to a metal arm

A

Electromagnetic relay

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19
Q

constructed Mark I in 1944

A

Howard aiken

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20
Q

noted the “First actual
case of bug being found

A

Grace Murray hopper

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21
Q

invented by Lee de
Forest in 1906 replacing the use of
electromagnetic relays

A

Vacuum tubes

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22
Q

built the first electronic
computer, COLOSSUS, to decode encrypted
Nazi communications.

A

Alan turing

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23
Q

was designed by John Mauchly and
J. Presper Eckert to compute ballistics table
for the U.S. Army

A

ENIAC(Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)

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24
Q

a
piece of silicon whose conductivity can be
turned on and off using an electric current.

A

Transistor

25
Q

Inventor of transistor

A

John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, William Shockley

26
Q

First transistorized computers

A

SperryRand’s LARC and IBM’s STRETCH

27
Q

the first
high-level programming language,

A

Fortran

28
Q

Inventor of Fortran

A

John Backus

29
Q

invented the
integrated circuit or IC chip composed of
layers of transistors

A

Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce

30
Q

the first microprocessor, where
introduced containing 2,300 transistors

A

Intel 4004

31
Q

thousands of
transistors on a single IC chip

A

Large scale integration

32
Q

used in the
development of UNIX and other operating
systems

A

C

33
Q

C programming language was developed by

A

Dennis Ritchie

34
Q

hundreds
of thousands and eventually millions of
transistors on an IC chip

A

Very large scale integration

35
Q

founded
Apple Computers and began marketing Apple
II, the first preassembled personal computer.

A

Steve Jobs and Stephen Wozniak

36
Q

wrote the first
commercial software for personal computers,
an interpreter for the BASIC programming
language.

A

Bill gates and Paul Allen

37
Q

developed Smalltalk, the first
object-oriented language

A

Allan kay

38
Q

developed C++, an object
oriented extension of the C language

A

Bjarne Stroustrup

39
Q

developed at Sun Microsystems and
an offshoot of C++

A

Java

40
Q

became the dominant
languages in commercial software
development

A

C++ and Java

41
Q

refers to the integration of
multiple processors in a single computer

A

Parallel Processing

42
Q

created in 1969 and considered as
the first large-scale computer network.

A

Arpanet

43
Q

became known as the Internet and
grew at a slow but steady pace during 70’s to
80’s

A

Arpanet

44
Q

a multimedia environment in
which documents can be seamlessly linked
together and accessed remotely, was
developed in the 1990’s due to the Internet’s
scope and popularity

A

World wide web

45
Q

the area of
computer science focusing on creating
machines that can engage on behaviors that
humans consider intelligent

A

AI

46
Q

Types of computer according to purpose

A

General Purpose
◦ Special Purpose

47
Q

Types of computers according to capacity

A

Microcomputers
◦ Minicomputers
◦ Mainframe
◦ Supercomputers

48
Q

have the capability of dealing w/ a variety of
different problems, and are able to act in
response to programs created to meet
different needs

A

General purpose computers

49
Q

Designed to perform one specific task and the
program of instruction is built into, or permanently
stored in, the machine

A

Special purpose computers

50
Q

least powerful, yet the most widely used and
fastest growing type of computer.

A

Microcomputers

51
Q

small enough to fit on top of or alongside a
desk yet are too

A

Desktop

52
Q

portable, lightweight, and fit into most
briefcases

A

Notebook

53
Q

type of notebook computer that accepts
your handwriting

A

Tablet pc

54
Q

smallest and are designed to fit into the
palm of one hand

A

Handheld computers

55
Q

also known as midrange computers

A

Minicomputers

56
Q

occupy specially wired, air conditioned
rooms

A

Mainframe computers

57
Q

the most powerful type of computer

A

Supercomputers

58
Q

Physical components of the computer

A

Hardware

Intro To Computing (4 decks)

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