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midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Age range for Infancy (neonatal, infant)

A

Birth to 1 year (birth to 2 weeks, 3 weeks to 12 months)

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2
Q

Age range for Toddlerhood

A

13 months to 2 years, 11 months

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3
Q

Age range for Preschool, Elementary School

A

3 yrs to 5 yrs, 5 yrs to 10 yrs, 11 months

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4
Q

Age range for Adolescence

A

11 yrs to 18 yrs

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5
Q

Age range for Young Adulthood

A

18 yrs to 22/25 yrs

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6
Q

Age range for Adulthood

A

22 yrs to 40 yrs

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7
Q

Age Range for Middle Age

A

40 yrs to 65 yrs

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8
Q

Age range for Late Adulthood

A

65 plus yrs

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9
Q

What is Advanced Maternal Age (AMA)?

A

A pregnancy where the woman is over 35 years old

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10
Q

Who is Eric Erikson?

A

A German psychologist who believed there was a psychological struggle that takes place through the eight stages of a person’s life.

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11
Q

1st stage of Development

A

Infancy (0-1 yrs old)
Conflict: Basic Trust vs mistrust
Resolution: Hope

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12
Q

2nd stage of Development

A

Early Childhood (1-3 yrs old)
Conflict: Autonomy vs Shame
Resolution: Will

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13
Q

3rd Stage of Development

A

Play Age (3-6 yrs old)
Conflict: Initiative vs Guilt
Resolution: Purpose

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14
Q

4th Stage of Development

A

School Age (6-12 yrs old)
Conflict: Industry vs Inferiority
Resolution: Competence

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15
Q

5th Stage of Development

A

Adolescence (12-19 yrs old)
Conflict: Identity vs Confusion
Resolution: Fidelity

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16
Q

6th Stage of Development

A

Early Adulthood (20-25 yrs old)
Conflict: Intimacy vs Isolation
Resolution: Love

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17
Q

7th Stage of Development

A

Adulthood (26-64 yrs old)
Conflict: Generativity vs Stagnation
Resolution: Care

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18
Q

8th Stage of Development

A

Old Age (65- death)
Conflict: Integrity vs Despair
Resolution: Wisdom

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19
Q

What is the Center of Mass (COM)?

A

a point that is at the center of the total body mass
Anterior to S2 in the upright position

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20
Q

Where should the Vertical line of gravity fall in the midline?

A
  • the mastoid process
  • anterior to shoulder joints
  • hip joints
  • anterior to knee joints
  • anterior to ankle joints
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21
Q

Feedback vs feedforward mechanisms?

A
  • Feedback mechanism is in response to sensory feedback from external (bumped in a crowd)
  • Feedforward mechanism is an anticipatory adjustment to a potentially destabilizing movement in order to achieve stability (about to step on the curve)
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22
Q

When does Lateral protective extension?

A

arms extend to prevent from falling
emerges at 6-9 months

23
Q

When does Anterior protective extension occur?

A

arms extend forward to prevent from falling
emerges at 6-9 months

24
Q

When does Upper extremity parachute?

A

In prone horizontal suspension, child is moved towards surface head first– symmetrical arm extension and abduction
emerges 6-7 months

25
When does Posterior protective extension?
extends head and arms backwards to recover balance emerges 9 months
26
What happens at 6 months?
Independent sitting and no more head lag
26
Typical development moves from...
Head (cephalic) to Feet (caudal) Proximal to Distal
27
What happens at 7-9 months?
Baby does not like supine position Ability to get into quadruped position
28
What happens at 10-12 months?
Vertical postures preferred by child "Cruising" when babies hold onto furniture to walk
29
What happens in Older Adulthood?
"Flexed Posture" Trunk forward lean Increased thoracic kyphosis Forward head
30
What is Precision medicine?
A form of medicine that uses information about a person’s genes, proteins, environment, and age, and lifestyle to diagnose disease
31
What is the primary motor cortex?
Controls speed and force of movement
32
What is the supplemental motor area?
Involved in preplanning movements
33
What is premotor cortex?
Visually guided movements
34
What is the cerebellum?
Coordinates movements based on accuracy, timing, and intensity
35
What is the basal ganglia?
Controls posture and adaptation to varying tasks or environments
36
When do females typically know if they are pregnant?
6 weeks
37
When do slow twitch fibers form?
21 weeks gestation
38
When do fast twitch muscle fibers form?
30 weeks gestation
39
At birth, muscle mass is how much of total body mass?
25%
40
At 5-17 years old (males or females), how much is muscle mass of total body mass?
Males: 41-53% Females: 41-42%
41
At what age does the female and male brain develop?
Female brain: 21-22 yrs old Male brain: 25 yrs old
42
What happens to muscle strength/ coordination at 30 yrs old?
Decline in muscle strength, 5% of muscle mass is lost after each decade Decline in coordination, increased occurrence of muscle strains
43
What happens to strength at age 50?
50 yrs old: Steady decline in strength, impaired function 70 yrs old: rapid decline in strength
44
Where is the greatest decline in muscle located? Where is pattern of muscle weakness located?
Greatest decline in Trunk and lower extremities Pattern of muscle weakness is proximal, most prominent in back, abdominals, and quads
45
All bones and cartilage develop from ….
The mesenchyme
46
What happens to bone during 3rd-8th week? 5th week? 6th week?
3rd and 8th week: bone and cartilage are differentiated and bone develops 5th week: mesenchymal cells condense and differentiate; occurs first in extremities (UE before LE) 6th week: chondrocytes form the cartilage of long bones
47
Where is the diaphysis formed?
Formed by the primary ossification, well ossified
48
Where is the epiphysis formed?
Formed by the secondary ossification center, cartilaginous Most bone fractures occur here
49
Primary Curves
- thoracic and sacral regions of spine - kyphotic - formed at birth
50
Secondary Curves
Cervical and lumbar regions Lordotic Formed through weightbearing during walking
51
What is sutures? What is fontanelles? When do they close?
Sutures: hold together the bones that form the skull (2-3 months) Fontanelles: soft areas where the bone hasn’t fused yet (12-18 months)
52
When do the epiphyseal growth plates close?
Age 25
53
Bone remodeling and density can increase with:
- weightbearing - muscular contraction - adequate nutrition and calcium intake

developmental concepts (6 decks)

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