Midterm Flashcards
(55 cards)
time-space convergence
rate at which place move closer together in travel/communication time/costs
Adam’s 4-Stage Structural Evolution Model
1) Walking/Horsecar
2) Electric Streetcar
3) Automobile
4) Freeway Era
Spatial Interaction and Diffusion
movement and flows across space involving human activity and mutual dependence that develops
complementarity
for any interaction to occur between 2 places –> must be demand in 1 place, supply in other
What factors determine complementarity?
1) variation in physical environments and resource endowments
2) internal division of labor
3) operations of principles of specialization and economies of scale
transferability
cost of moving particular item, ability of item to bear cost
formal regions
groups of areal units with increasing homogeneity in some feature (i.e. religion, household income)
functional regions
regions within which, while there may be some variability, there is an overall coherence to structure and dynamics of economic, political, social organization
Agricultural Surplus Theory
formers produce more food than needed to support families –> support increasing pop. that is not directly engaged in ag.
Impact of Hydrology (Wittfogel)
early cities emerged in areas dependent on irrigation and flood control
stimulated urban development by promoting occupational specialization, social organizational centrality, and population growth based on surplus
Pressure of Population Theory (Boserup)
increasing population and or/wild food scarcity –> ag + urban life
5 Regions that Provide Earliest Evidence for Urbanization & Civilization
1) Mesopotamia
2) Egypt
3) Indus Valley (Pakistan)
4) Northern China
5) Mesoamerica
Planned Cities
may be evidence of political central control but X mean cities grew organically
Ancient Greek Contributions to Urban Development
- served 4 functions: religious, commerce, admin, defense
- long distance sea trade
- overseas colonization
- gridiron street pattern
- democracy
Ancient Roman Contributions to Urban Development
- laid foundation for W. Europe system
- build infrastructure (roads)
- health improvements
- mass housing
- Roman forum
- public monuments/housing
- more complex social geography
economies of scale
advantages from efficiency of specialization –> large-scale operations
globalization
geographic reorganization of industrial production & service provision, especially capital availability + financial services
capitalism
distinct economic & social organization in which labor seperated from the means of production + manufactured product
international companies
importers and exporters, have X investment outside of home country
multinational companies
investments in other countries, but X coordinated product offerings in each country, more focused on adapting to each individual local market
global companies
invested & present in many countries with same coordinated image/brand in all markets
transnational companies
invested in foreign operations and central corp facility but give decision, R&D, marketing powers to each individual foreign market
Core Periphery Model
describes how economic political, and/or cultural power is spatially distributed between dominant core regions & more marginal/dependant semi-peripheral + peripheral regions
Stages of Development
Pre-Industrial
Transitional
Industrial
Post-Industrial
(PiTIPi)
