Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Research Methods > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

(52 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Methods of knowing

A

RAISE

Rationalism
Authority
Intuition
Scientific Method
Empiricism (observation and experience)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Systematic empiricism

A

Feature of science
Learning based on observation but doing so systematically with planning, analyzing and recording

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Empirical questions

A

Questions about the way the world works that can be answered by observing it systematically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pseudoscience

A

Beliefs claiming to be science but are not bs led by good evidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Goals of science

A

DEP
To describe, predict and explain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Basic research

A

Aims to gain more knowledge about aspect of human behaviour without addressing particular problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Applied research

A

Goal of solving specific problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Confirmation bias

A

We focus on cases that confirm our beliefs and hold incorrect beliefs we wish were true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Scientific research model in psychology

A

Formulated research question and review literature on topic
Conduct empirical study to observe and analyze data to answer question
Conclude results and publish findings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Research questions are evaluated based on

A

Interestingness, feasibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Theory

A

Coherent explanation or interpretation of one or more phenomena

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hypothesis

A

Specific prediction about new phenomenon that should be observed to see if particular theory is accurate - derived from theory and distinguish existing competing theories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A good hypothesis is;

A

Testable, falsifiable, logical, and make positive statement about existence of relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Experimental research

A

Variables are manipulated, dependent and independent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Correlation coefficient

A

Describes tenth of relationship found -1 to +1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Type 1 error

A

False positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Type 2 error

A

False negative Missed opportunity, researcher concludes insignificance but there is effect missed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Types of research questions

A

Description
Explanation
Prediction
Application

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Criteria for science

A

Based on observation, must examine testable questions, results must be shared

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Qualitative methods

A

Produces test, video, interview

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Quantitative

Study These Flashcards
A

Produces stats

22
Q

Cross-sectional study

Study These Flashcards
A

Participants were only studied once- can’t be used for prediction

23
Q

Secondary source

Study These Flashcards
A

Summarization of info from primary source
Written to be accessible to non expert
Often incomplete and inaccurate

24
Q

Milgram study

Study These Flashcards
A

People will obey authority figures even when they believe they are harming others by doing so

25
Core principles of research ethics
Respect for persons, concern for welfare, justice
26
Respect for persons
Respect for autonomy with informed consent Free, informed and ongoing consent must be given to participate Failing to disclose risks, failing to make study understandable, and coercive incentives are ways to violate this
27
Concern for welfare
Benefits of study must outweigh risks Not doing everything you can mitigate risks - violates welfare principle Conducting a bad study that’s wasted time and money
28
Seek justice
Compensate fairly Risks and benefits must be equally distributed among groups Researcher must act with integrity
29
Tuskegee study
40 year study on black mean under guise of free health care to look at syphillis effects long term During study cure was found (penicillin) but participants didn’t receive it Not random sample - recruited only poor black men 128 people died
30
Research ethics boards
All uni’s have them Must submit application explaining study where board will evaluate risk level of study Of it has minimal risk - no grater then what is encountered in every day life study can go on If it has higher risk must be fully evaluated by the board and possibly modified if not approved Must have rationale and explain how you will obtain informed consent
31
Informed consent
Participant understands procedure, that they can leave whenever, potential risks, what will happen with their data, who they can contact about their rights
32
Compensation and debriefing
Compensation must be appropriate - not too little making it unfair or too much making it an incentive Debrief must be thorough and board must approve both compensation and debrief process In debrief participants are informed about purpose of study, help them process what happened and possibly provide resources for support
33
Deception
Study can be deceptive as long as there are very low risks Participant must be undeceived well in debrief Participants can withdraw consent once finding out about deception
34
Benefits and drawbacks of open data sharing
Improves trait in findings Demystifies scientific process Maximizes resources BUT Hard to make data for participants totally anonymous leading to negative consequences for them
35
Phenomena
Finding repeatedly occurring and thought to be true
36
Perspectives
Broader then theory. Lens you’re looking at theory through. Ex humanism
37
Model
Explanation of specific phenomenon, narrower then theories, may explain one specific behaviour in detail
38
Theories vary in
Formality - how clearly specified and detailed components are Scope - how many things does it try to explain Theoretical approach - where did it come from?
39
Direct replication
Exact same thing with different people - increases confidence in hypothesis
40
Conceptual replication
Altering methods to test same question - increases confidence in theory
41
Reviewing literature is essential for
Figuring out what’s already been done and what hasn’t Informing your hypothesis Informing your research design
42
Reviewing literature is essential for
Figuring out what’s already been done and what hasn’t Informing your hypothesis Informing your research design
43
What is a lit review
Summary of most relevant work that has been previously published on that topic of interest
44
Predatory journals
Look peer reviewed but aren’t You pay to publish in them by page
45
Spotting low quality journal
Impact factor under 1 Overly specific titles
46
Finding good sources
Keyword search in psych info or Google scholar Find a few relevant papers in good journals Get the key classic papers they cite Do a new search for better terms - recent articles only
47
A good research question:
Is important Specific enough to be testable Has not already been answered Builds on existing literature
48
Introduction to research paper
Introduce topic Outline most relevant existing work Explain your specific question Remember to touch on why it matters
49
Mechanical Turk
Requesters post online tasks like surveys Workers complete the task for small amounts of money
50
Components of ethics application
Study rationale Informs consent Compensation Deception Debriefing Data handling
51
Conscientiousness predicts
Well-being Job performance Wealth Marital satisfaction
52
Formality
How detailed components of theory are Informal theory: losses are more painful then gains Formal theory: using graphs and specific reference points to explain

Research Methods (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions