midterm

Question 1

diencaphalon

Answer 1

sits on top of the brainstem responsible for integrating sesnory and motor information on its way to the cortex

Question 2

What are the two structues in the diencpalaon

Answer 2

thalamus: organizer and integrator of information travelling to the cerrebal cortex and all other sensory systems
hypothalamus: responsible for contorlling the brain’s hormone production, sex, sleep, temperature, hormone function ect

Question 3

forebrain

Answer 3

most evolutionarily recent addition to the brain and it has two major structures with imporant roles. Coordinates advanced cognitive functions such as thinking, planning, and language; allocortex, neocortex and basal ganglia

Question 4

cortex

Answer 4

the cortex is a part of the forebrain, and it has two parts to it,
1. the neocortex is unique to Mammels and its primary function is to construct a perceptual world and react to it.
2. allocortex, found in brids and reptiles it plays a role in contorlling motivational and emotional states

Question 5

What are the three main structues in the allocortex

Answer 5

Amygdala: anxiety and fear
hippocampus: navigation, finding our way, word finding
cingulate cortex: is above the hippocampus, involved in emotion formation and processing, learning, memory, linking behavioral outcomes to motivation

Question 6

basal ganglia

Answer 6

a collection of nuclei that lie in the forebrain it basiclly controls volentary movement

Question 7

craniel nerve

Answer 7

they create links from the brain, neck, and variors organs. they can hace afferent functions or efferent functions

Question 8

vertebrea

Answer 8

bony spinal colourm that cover the spinal cord

Question 10

Cell body (soma)

Answer 10

The core region of the cell containing the nucleus and other organelles for making proteins . It pays a role n the integration of information

Question 11

Dendrites

Answer 11

Branching extension of a neurons cels membrane; greatly increases the cell’s surface area; collects information from other cells.

Question 12

Axon

Answer 12

Root, or single fibre of a neuron that carries messages to other neurons

Question 13

Neural network

Answer 13

Functional group of neurons that connects to wide areas of the brain and spinal cord

Question 14

Things to note about neurons:

Answer 14

• most behaviours are produced by groups of hundreds or thousands of neurons
• neurons are placing; they are continuously chnaging as a result of experience
• most of your neruons are with you for life and are never replaced

Question 15

Dendritic spine

Answer 15

Protrusion that greatly increases the dendrites surface area; typical point of dentrite contact with the axons of other cells

Question 16

Axon hillock

Answer 16

Juncture of the cell body and axon

Question 17

Axon collaterals

Answer 17

Branch of an axon

Question 18

Terminal button

Answer 18

Knob at the tip of an axon that conveys information to other neurons

Question 19

Synapse

Answer 19

Spational junction between one neurons and another; forms the information transfer site between neurons

Question 20

Sensory neurons

Answer 20

Cell that detects or carries sensory information into the spinal cord and brain

Question 21

Somatosensory neurons

Answer 21

Brain cell that brings sensory information from he body to the spinal cord

Question 22

Bipolar neuron

Answer 22

Sensory neurons with one axon and one dendrite. Found in the retina, conduct afferent info the visual center’s of the brain

Question 23

Interneurons

Answer 23

Association cells interposed bewteen a sensory neurons and a motor neuron, super complex

Question 24

Purkinjee cell

Answer 24

Distinctively shaped Interneurons that’s transports information from the cerebellum to the the rest fo the Brian

Question 25

Pyramidal cell

Answer 25

Cell that as a lion axon and two cents of dentures it is distinctively shapes and found in he cerebral contex sending information to the rest of the brain

Question 26

Motor neurons

Answer 26

Cell that carries efferent information from the brain and spinal cord to make muscles contract

Question 27

How do neurons talk to each other

Answer 27

Each neurons receives thousands of excitatory and inhabitatory signals every second Neurons sum tese signals an respon accordingly From the simple “yes-no” language of neurons emerges enormous posbllties fr behaviour

Question 28

Signals

Answer 28

Incoming signal is analog (waves) Outgoing signal is digital (boxes)

Question 29

Ischemic stroke

Answer 29

Stroke resulting from a blocked vessel - less serve, more common

Question 30

Hemogeric stroke

Answer 30

A stroke resulting from bleeding from a. Blood vessel, more severe less common