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IT in Supply Chains > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an upstream process?

A

The things leading to the company (can include manufacturing, raw materials, and suppliers)

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2
Q

What is a downstream process?

A

The things that come after the company (directly consumer facing, retailers, etc.)

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3
Q

What are the three types of flows?

A

Product, Information, and Financial

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4
Q

What is a product flow?

A

Movement of raw materials

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5
Q

What is an information flow?

A

An exchange of data between supply chain partners

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6
Q

What is a financial flow?

A

Payments, credit card terms, etc.

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7
Q

Who are the general participants in a supply chain?

A
  1. Suppliers
  2. Manufacturers
  3. Distributors
  4. Retailers
  5. Consumers
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8
Q

What is an ERP?

A

Enterprise Resouce Planning
Core business processes

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9
Q

What is a MRP?

A

Materials Requirement Planning
Ensures raw materials are available

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10
Q

What is a MES?

A

Manufacturing Execution System
Tracks real-time production

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11
Q

What is a WMS?

A

Warehouse Management System
Controls warehouse operations

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12
Q

What is a TMS?

A

Transportation Management System
Optimizes logistics and transportation

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13
Q

What is an APS?

A

Advanced Planning System
Enhances supply chain planning

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14
Q

What are the two biggest ERP software providers?

A

SAP, Oracle

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15
Q

What are examples of smaller ERP providers?

A

NetSuite, Azure

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16
Q

What are the benefits of an ERP?

A

Data Integration
Best practices/processes built in
Consistency
Simplified IT landscape
Strategic considerations, competitive advantage
Supply chain collaboration

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17
Q

What does the SAP sales and distribution module do?

A

Records customer orders and schedules deliveries
Information like pricing, how and where to ship products, how the customer is to be billed

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18
Q

What does the SAP material management module do?

A

Manages acquisition of raw materials from suppliers
Purchasing operational activity
Inventory control functionality/cycle counts

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19
Q

What does the SAP production planning module do?

A

Shop floor control (e.g. production, order creation)
BOM maintenance/production execution
MRP plan replenishment of inventory
S&OP and demand planning

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20
Q

What does the SAP quality management module do?

A

Plans and records quality-control activities, such as product inspections and material certification

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21
Q

What does the SAP F1/Financial Accounting module do?

A

Records transactions in general ledger accounts, used for external reporting

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22
Q

What does the SAP controlling module do?

A

Used for internal management
Manufacturing and service costs assigned to products and to cost centers so company profitability can be analyzed
Supports managerial accounting and activity-based costing

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23
Q

What does the SAP plant maintenance module do?

A

Planning for preventative maintenance of plant machinery
Managing maintenance resources

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24
Q

What does the SAP asset management module do?

A

Manages fixed-asset purchases (plants and machinery & its related depreciation)

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24
What does the SAP Human Resources module do?
Handles employee recruiting, hiring, training, payroll, etc.
25
What does the SAP project system module do?
Planning/control complex projects such as construction Implemented in low volume, high complexity environments
26
What are the ERP cost drivers?
Size Scope Data Consulting/Internal Staff *** Customization End-user readiness Opportunity costs
27
What were the cost categories from the San Diego Schools case?
Hardware (servers, workstations, etc.) Software (licenses, maintenance fees) Network/Data Transport Labor
28
What were the financial benefits from the San Diego Schools case?
Cost Savings (staff reductions, reduced overtime, reduced printing costs, reduced processing errors, reduced space costs) Productivity Improvements (clerical staff, principals) Soft Benefits (improved EE morale/productivity, improved recruiting, improved management access to data)
29
What are the ERP assessment criteria, as stated in the San Diego Schools case?
Product functionality, price, support, and organizational strength
30
What do the blue invoice sticky notes do in the paper game?
Invoice - deliver paper squares sold to customer as required by the sales order, amount paid in T+2 days
31
What do the white customer payments do in the paper game?
The customer payment to our business. 2 days after invoice was received
32
What do the pink purchase orders do in the paper game?
Purchase cost of one sheet of paper, interest to buy put on the pink post-it, supplier lead time is one day
33
What do the green sticky notes do in the paper game?
It's the supplier payment. We must pay the supplier once we pick up the materials the day after the purchase order was received.
34
What are the steps in a Purchase-to-Pay (P2P) Process in SAP?
1) Create a purchase requisition 2) Convert the requisition into a purchase order 3) Create a Goods receipt 4) Create an invoice receipt 5) Post the outgoing Payment
35
What documents are in the Purchase-to-Pay (P2P) process in SAP?
Purchase requisitions Purchase orders Goods receipt Invoice Payment
36
What are the steps in the Order-to-Cash (OTC) process in SAP?
1) Create inquiry 2) Create sales order 3) Create delivery 4) Post Goods issue 5) Invoice customer 6) Receive payment from customer
37
What are the documents in the Order-to-Cash (OTC) process in SAP?
Inquiry Sales Order Delivery Goods issue Invoice Payment receipt
38
What impact do Purchase-to-Pay (P2P) processes have in accounting?
Increased inventory Increased accounts payable Decreased cash Increased COGS
39
What impact do Order-to-Cash (OTC) processes have in accounting?
Increased accounts receivable Increased revenue Decreased inventory Increased cash
40
What documents have to match in a 3-way match in SAP?
Make sure that purchase orders, Goods receipt, and invoice match
41
Why do you need a 3-way match in SAP?
Ensures accuracy before payment Prevents fraud and discrepancies
42
What documents can be exchanged with EDI?
Purchase orders (P2P) to a sales order entry (OTC) Payment to vendor (P2P) to receipt of payment (OTC) Ship materials (OTC) to Goods receipt (P2P) Invoice customer (OTC) to invoice receipt (P2P)
43
What is an Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)?
A computer to computer transfoer of standard business documents that avoids costs and delays related to paper-based systems Transmit POs, Invoices, and cash
44
What is the relationship between EDI and ERP?
EDI systems compliment ERP systems by transmitting standard business documents between supply chain trading partners.
45
How do EDI's work?
1) Business process is defined with trading partner 2) After invoice is created in an ERP, the document is translated to EDI standard format 3) Invoice "envelope" electronically addressed to trading partner 4) EDI document sent to value-added network (VAN) "post office" 5) VAN opens envelope and translates data that can be read by their ERP 6) VAN routes document to manufacturer based on address 7) Manufacturer's ERP system generates payable
46
What does the feedback loop look like between sellers and buyers using EDI?
Buyer - Purchase Order - Seller Buyer - $$$ or ACH - Seller Seller - Goods - Buyer Seller - Invoice - Buyer
47
What is a blockchain?
A decentralized digital ledger technology that records transactions across multiple computers securely and transparently In a SC: enhanced traceability, fraud prevention, smart contracts, real-time data sharing
48
What are the limitations of QuickBooks, as discussed in the Broadband-X case study?
-Lack of production management, so EE had to rely on manual -Manual data entry (employees filled out daily activity sheets that the bookkeeper had to enter manually) -Inventory tracking not automatically updated - Disconnected systems/lack of integration -Limited scalability
49
What did the digital landscape at Broadband-X look like prior to the ERP implementation?
QuickBooks used for accounting Spreadsheets for production/inventory management Manual communication between departments No centralized/standardized systems for processes
50
What are the phases of ERP implementation?
Ex-ante evaluation Configuration and rollout Go-live Onwards and upwards
51
What are the steps in the supplier selection of ERP implementation?
Long list of suppliers RFI Presentations IP/ IP recommendations ASP/ ASP recommendations Short list
52
What are the different consulting strategies in ERP implementation?
Turnkey - consultants handle everything DIY - internal employees handle everything
53
What are the different model building/process standardization models in ERP implementation?
One-instance: same ERP for all subsidiaries Kernel (template): same template of ERP with modifications specific to each subsidiary Multi-model: each subsidiary operates with different ERPs
54
What are the different types of go-live strategies in ERP implementation?
Big Bang Go live by location, function, process, market, etc.
55
What are the methods of a functional fit analysis in ERP implementation?
Process replication Process modification Software modification Exploration - find company with the best fit
56
What are the CSFs in risk analysis in ERP implementation?
Condition for achieving objectives Top managment support, project champion, executive ownership, continued shareholder communications Area of much academic research
57
What are the topics of risk in ERP implementation?
Cost overruns Partial realization of benefits No improvements in financial performance Go-live operational problems
58
What are the methods of risk analysis in ERP implementation?
Risk identification Risk assessment Risk control: evasion, reduction, transfer, acceptance
59
What is the approach to risk analysis in ERP implementation?
Severity (uncontrolled) = P(uncontrolled) X Impact(uncontrollled) Severity (controlled) = P (controlled) X Impact(controlled) + Cost of control If S(c) < S(u), risk control is worthwhile
60
What is the approach of a cost-benefit analysis in ERP systems?
Timing of costs and benefits Incorporate functional fit and risk analysis NPV
61
What are the chronological steps of the ASAP implementation process?
Project preparation Business blueprint Realization Final preparation Go live/support
62
What is involved in the project preparation ASAP step?
Define project scope Select and train implementation project team Select consulting partner Perform end-user readiness assessment Perform risk analysis and ROI analysis Establish project budget and project plan
63
What is involved in the business blueprint ASAP step?
Map as-is vs to-be processes Business requirements are collected Produce detailed description of how company intends to run its business Guides the project team members in configuring the new ERP systems Technical team determines how data will be transferred from legacy systems
64
What is involved in the realization ASAP step?
Project teams configure the ERP software Developers program modifications/enhancements to ERP, custom reports, interfaces to/from non-ERP information systems
65
What is involved in the final preparation ASAP step?
Test critical business processes (unit testing - UT, integration testing - IT, user acceptance testing - UAT) Establishes end-user support model Train end users of system Confirm go-live date Detailed cut-over planning
66
What is involved in the go-live/support ASAP step?
"Cut-over" from legacy systems to ERP Staffing/overtime should be increased one week before and one week after Stabilization indicators should be defined/tracked Monitoring system performace
67
What are examples of the strategic critical success factors (CSF)?
Top managemnet committment and support Visioning and planning Build a business case Project champion Implementation strategy and timeframe Vanilla ERP Project management Change management Management of cultural change
68
Why does Dell want an ERP?
to digitize the supply chain - it's currently disconnected and lacking integration
69
What are the key challenges that Dell is experiencing?
Lack of unified digital strategy Reliance on manual processes Complex supply chain Growing customer expectations
70
What was Dell's transformation approach?
1) Transparency, predictive analytics, automation 2) Stakeholder-centric digital roadmap 3) Implemented digital tools - RPA, ML
71
What are the results of Dell's ERP?
Improved inventory tracking/supplier coordination Faster response times to supply chain disruptions Reduced reliance on manual data entry/reporting Increased transparency operations
72
What is Alibaba?
Started as an e-commerce company and evloved into a digital ecosystem integrating retail, finance, logistics and cloud computing Surpassed WalMart in global sales and be came one of the world's ost valuable technology firms Entire business approach is centered around smart business
73
What are the key themes in the Alibaba article?
Building digital ecosystem Smart business model
74
What is the impact of Alibaba on future businesses?
Rise of platform ecosystems AI-driven decision-making Competitive advantage through data

IT in Supply Chains (1 decks)

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