Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CCNA by me > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

Mopasar

1
Q

What is the purpose of Cisco IOS Software

A
  • Provides basic routing and switching functions.
  • Enables reliable and secure access to networked resources.
  • Supports network scalability.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the different methods to access the Cisco IOS CLI

A
  • Console (physical connection)
  • AUX (auxiliary port for modem access)
  • Telnet/SSH (remote access)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do you switch from User EXEC to Privileged EXEC mode?

A

Enter the enable command:
Router> enable
Password: [enter password]
Router#

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the purpose of the show version command

A

Displays:
* IOS version and image name.
* Hardware details (CPU, memory).
* Uptime and configuration register value.
* Boot source (e.g., flash).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the show flash command verify?

A

Checks available flash memory for storing IOS images.
Lists files in flash and their sizes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the router startup sequence.

A

ROM: Loads bootstrap program.
Flash: Locates and loads the Cisco IOS image.
NVRAM: Loads the startup-config (if none, enters Setup Mode).
TFTP Server/Console: Fallback if no config is found.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When does a router enter Setup Mode?

A

When no startup-config exists in NVRAM.
When the user manually runs setup or answers “yes” to the initial dialog.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do you abort Setup Mode without saving?

A

Ctrl+C.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the keyboard shortcuts for CLI navigation?

A

Ctrl+A - Move to line start.
Ctrl+E - Move to line end.
Ctrl+U - Erase entire line.
Ctrl+W - Erase one word.
Ctrl+P (↑) - Recall previous command.
Ctrl+Z - Exit config mode.
? - Context-sensitive help.
TAB - Auto-complete commands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do you adjust the command history buffer size?

A

Router(config-line)# history size [0-256]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do LED indicators on a router signify?

A

Green OK LED: System initialized correctly.
Interface LEDs: Activity status (e.g., Ethernet link).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is ROMMON mode used for?

A

Password recovery or OS restoration when Flash is corrupted.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the difference between Router> and Router# prompts?

A

Router>: User EXEC (limited commands).
Router#: Privileged EXEC (full access).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the caret symbol (^) indicate in CLI errors?

A

Points to the exact location of a syntax error in a command.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

IOS

A

Internetwork Operating System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CLI

A

Command-Line Interface

a text-based interface where users interact with a computer by typing commands into a terminal or command prompt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

NVRAM

A

Non-Volatile RAM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

TFTP

A

Trivial File Transfer Protocol

a simple, lightweight protocol used for transferring files

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ROMMON

A

ROM Monitor

a bootstrap program that initializes the hardware and boots the Cisco IOS XE software when you power on or reload a router

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How do you set a console password

A

Router(config)# line console 0
Router(config-line)# password cisco
Router(config-line)# login

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the difference between enable password and enable secret?

A

enable password: Stores password in plaintext (less secure).
enable secret: Uses MD5 encryption (preferred; overrides enable password).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How do you encrypt all plaintext passwords in the configuration?

A

Router(config)# service password-encryption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What commands configure an IP address on an interface

A

Router(config)# interface fastethernet 0/0
Router(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)# no shutdown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why might an interface show “administratively down”?

A

The interface was manually disabled with shutdown. Use no shutdown to activate it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is required for a serial link to function?
DCE side must provide clocking: Router(config-if)# clock rate 64000
26
How do you set a router hostname?
Router(config)# hostname R1 R1(config)#
27
What does show running-config display?
Current configuration in RAM (active but unsaved).
28
How do you back up a configuration to a TFTP server?
Router# copy running-config tftp Remote host IP: 192.168.1.100 Filename: backup-config
29
How do you restore a router to factory defaults?
Router# erase startup-config Router# reload
30
What is the purpose of a loopback interface?
A virtual interface that is always up. Used for testing, routing protocols (e.g., BGP), and stability.
31
How do you add a static hostname-to-IP mapping?
Router(config)# ip host R2 192.168.1.2
32
What does ip name-server do?
Specifies DNS servers for hostname resolution
33
How do you enable/disable DNS lookup?
Enable: ip domain-lookup (default). Disable: no ip domain-lookup.
34
What information does show hosts display?
Permanent (perm): Manually configured. Temporary (temp): Learned via DNS (expires after 72 hours).
35
How do you configure a login banner?
Router(config)# banner motd # Unauthorized access prohibited! #
36
List critical show commands for troubleshooting.
show interfaces - Interface status/statistics. show controllers serial - Hardware details (e.g., DCE/DTE). show protocols - Layer 3 protocol status. show arp - ARP cache. show flash - IOS files in flash memory.
37
What are the default states of router interfaces?
Administratively down (requires no shutdown). Line protocol down until both ends are configured.
38
DCE/DTE
Data Communications Equipment - devices that facilitate data transmission over a network Data Terminal Equipment - equipment that acts as the endpoint in a communication network,
39
HDLC
High-Level Data Link Control a bit-oriented, synchronous data link layer protocol used for transmitting data between network points,
40
What is Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)?
A Layer 2 protocol that connects lower physical media and upper network layer protocols
41
What information does CDP(Cisco Discovery Protocol) share between neighbors?
Device ID (hostname). Local/Port Interface (e.g., FastEthernet0/0). Holdtime (default: 180s). Capabilities (Router, Switch, etc.). Platform (e.g., WS-C2960). VTP Domain (CDPv2 only). Native VLAN (CDPv2 only).
42
How often does CDP send updates?
Update timer: 60 seconds (default). Hold timer: 180 seconds (time before neighbor entry expires).
43
List key CDP commands.
show cdp neighbors - Lists connected devices. show cdp neighbors detail - Detailed neighbor info (IP, IOS version). show cdp interface - CDP status per interface. cdp run - Enables CDP globally. no cdp enable - Disables CDP on an interface. clear cdp counters - Resets traffic stats.
44
How do you disable CDP globally?
Router(config)# no cdp run
45
What is telnet
Telnet is a virtual terminal protocol that is part of the TCP/IP protocol suite. It allows connections to be made to remote hosts. Telnet provides a network terminal or remote login capability.
46
What is the purpose of telnet in network troubleshooting?
Tests application-layer connectivity (OSI Layer 7). Verifies remote device accessibility via TCP port 23. Requires VTY password configuration on the target device.
47
How do you initiate a Telnet session?
Router> telnet 192.168.1.1 Or Router> connect 192.168.1.1
48
How do you suspend/resume a Telnet session?
Suspend: Press Ctrl+Shift+6, then x. Resume: Type resume [session-ID] or press Enter for the last session.
49
What does ping test?
End-to-end connectivity using ICMP Echo Requests/Replies. Success symbols: ! (reply received), . (timeout). Extended ping: Adjust packet size/timeout (Router# ping + Enter).
50
What is traceroute
The traceroute command is the ideal tool for finding where data is being sent in a network.
51
How does traceroute work?
Maps the path to a destination by incrementing TTL values. Each router decrements TTL; if TTL=0, it sends an ICMP Time Exceeded message. * indicates a hop is unreachable.
52
What is the difference between ping and traceroute?
Tests end-to-end connectivity. - Identifies each hop in the path. Uses ICMP. - Uses UDP/ICMP with TTL. Returns ! or .. - Lists router IPs/hostnames.
53
What is the purpose of debug cdp packets?
Logs real-time CDP packet exchanges for troubleshooting.
54
What does show cdp traffic display?
Packet statistics: Sent/received, checksum errors.
55
Why might CDP fail to detect a neighbor?
CDP disabled on either device. Layer 1/2 issues (cable, port shutdown). Non-Cisco device (CDP is Cisco-proprietary).
56
How do you map a network using CDP?
Use show cdp neighbors to list devices. Telnet to neighbors and repeat. Document device names, interfaces, and IPs.
57
What are the default Telnet (VTY) lines in IOS?
Lines 0–4 (supports 5 simultaneous sessions).
58
How do you test DNS resolution on a router?
Router# ping hostname
59
CDP
Cisco Discovery Protocol.
60
SNAP
Subnetwork Access Protocol. a protocol that helps different network protocols like IP and IPX to operate over common network types such as Ethernet and Wi-Fi
61
TTL
Time-To-Live (used in traceroute). ## Footnote is the length of time or “hops” that a packet may move through a network before being discarded by a router
62
VTY
Virtual Teletype (Telnet/SSH access). virtual interfaces that allow remote access to network devices like routers and switches via protocols like Telnet or SSH.
63
TLV
Type Length Values ## Footnote is an encoding scheme used to represent data in a structured manner, where each piece of data is identified by its type, length, and value.
64
What is the purpose of the configuration register?
A 16-bit value in NVRAM that controls boot behavior. Default: 0x2102 (boot from Flash, check NVRAM for boot system commands).
65
What does the boot field (bits 0–3) in the configuration register determine?
0x--0 - Boots into ROM monitor mode (manual recovery). 0x--1 - Boots from ROM (limited IOS). 0x--2 to 0x--F - Checks NVRAM for boot system commands (default: 0x2102).
66
How do you recover a lost router password?
Reboot and press Ctrl+Break to enter ROMmon. Change register to 0x2142 (ignores NVRAM): rommon> confreg 0x2142 rommon> reset Reload, then restore original register: Router(config)# config-register 0x2102
67
What commands verify the IOS boot source?
show version: Displays IOS filename and configuration register. show running-config: Checks for boot system commands.
68
What are symptoms of a corrupted Flash IOS image?
Error messages during boot (e.g., open: read error, cannot open "flash:"). Router fails to load IOS or enters ROMmon mode.
69
What is the Cisco IOS File System (IFS)?
Provides a single method to perform all the file system management that a router uses
70
How do you restore an IOS image via TFTP?
Router# copy tftp flash Address of remote host: 192.168.1.100 Source filename: c2600-js-1_121-3.bin Erase flash? [confirm]
71
How do you back up a configuration file to a TFTP server?
Router# copy running-config tftp Remote host: 192.168.1.100 Destination filename: router-backup.cfg
72
How do you interpret an IOS filename (e.g., c2600-js-1_121-3.bin)?
c2600: Hardware platform (Cisco 2600 series). js: Feature set (e.g., "j" = enterprise, "s" = extended capabilities). 121-3: Version 12.1(3). bin: File format (binary executable).
73
What are the key differences between running-config and startup-config?
Stored in RAM (volatile). - Stored in NVRAM (persistent). Active configuration. - Loads at boot. View with show running-config. - View with show startup-config.
74
How do you copy the running config to NVRAM?
Router# copy running-config startup-config
75
What are the ROMmon environment variables used for TFTP recovery?
Set in ROMmon to restore IOS: rommon> IP_ADDRESS=192.168.1.1 rommon> IP_SUBNET_MASK=255.255.255.0 rommon> TFTP_SERVER=192.168.1.100 rommon> TFTP_FILE=c2600-js-1_121-3.bin rommon> tftpdnld
76
What is Environment variables
The environmental variables provide a minimal configuration to allow for the TFTP of the IOS.
77
How do you troubleshoot a router stuck in ROMmon?
1. Check Flash corruption (use `dir flash:`). 2. Verify `boot system` commands in NVRAM. 3. Ensure configuration register is correct (e.g., 0x2102).
78
What is the purpose of `setup` mode?
Provides a minimal configuration dialog when no startup-config exists
79
How do you capture a router config to a text file?
1. Use `terminal emulator` (e.g., HyperTerminal). 2. Enable text capture. 3. Run `show running-config` and save the output.
80
What does show flash display?
- IOS files in Flash memory. - Total/used/free space.
81
Cisco IFS
Cisco IOS File System

CCNA by me (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions