Midterm Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is the difference between movement and motor skill?
Movement is any bodily motion, while a motor skill is a learned ability to perform a movement efficiently.
Motor skills can be further categorized into fine and gross motor skills based on the complexity and precision of the movements involved.
Define closed and open skills with examples.
Closed skills occur in predictable environments (e.g., free throw in basketball). Open skills require adaptation (e.g., passing in soccer).
Closed skills are often practiced in controlled settings, while open skills are typically performed in dynamic situations.
What are discrete, serial, and continuous skills?
- Discrete: Has a clear start and end (e.g., throwing a dart).
- Serial: A sequence of discrete skills (e.g., a gymnastics routine).
- Continuous: No distinct beginning or end (e.g., swimming).
What is the difference between object manipulation and non-object manipulation skills?
- Object manipulation: Involves handling an object (e.g., dribbling a basketball).
- No object manipulation: Does not involve objects (e.g., sprinting).
Define skills with and without body transport, with examples.
- Body transport skills: Require movement from one place to another (e.g., running).
- No body transport skills: Performed in a fixed position (e.g., weightlifting).
What differentiates a skilled performer from a less skilled one?
Skilled performers demonstrate efficiency, consistency, and adaptability, while less skilled performers lack precision and control.
What is the difference between abilities and skills?
Abilities are innate traits (e.g., reaction time), whereas skills are learned behaviors refined through practice (e.g., playing piano).
How does practice impact abilities vs. skills?
Practice enhances skills significantly, but innate abilities have biological limits and are less trainable.
Why can’t abilities be directly measured?
Abilities are inferred through performance rather than directly measured, as they involve complex cognitive and physical interactions.
Does high ability in one area mean high ability in others?
No—abilities are domain-specific, meaning excellence in one does not guarantee excellence in others.
Is predicting performance from abilities highly effective? Why?
Not always—while abilities provide a foundation, structured training, experience, and motivation greatly influence actual performance.
How do different skill classifications affect practice interventions?
Open skills require adaptable training, whereas closed skills benefit from repetition in a stable setting.
Why is motor skill classification important in healthcare and rehabilitation?
It helps tailor interventions to individual needs, optimizing recovery and performance improvements.
What is reaction time (RT)?
The time between stimulus onset and movement initiation.
What is movement time (MT)?
The time taken to complete the movement after initiation.
What are the three stages of information processing?
Stimulus identification, response selection, response execution.
How does stimulus intensity affect reaction time?
Higher intensity leads to faster detection and response.
What is Hick’s Law?
More choices increase decision time in response selection.
How does fatigue affect response execution?
It slows movement and reduces accuracy.
How does practice improve reaction time?
It enhances stimulus recognition and response efficiency.
What is anticipation?
Predicting an event before it happens to improve response speed.
What is an example of likelihood-based anticipation?
A goalkeeper predicting a penalty kick direction based on past shots.
What is an example of environmental-based anticipation?
A driver anticipating a pedestrian crossing based on movement patterns.
