Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MMR > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

3 ways regulation of promotor region by DNA modification

A
  1. methylation
  2. DNA inversion
  3. local sequence variation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 mechanisms for sigma factor release from antisigma factor

A
  1. proteolytic cleavage
  2. chemical interaction
  3. partner swapping
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 sites in ribosome

A

aminocyl site
peptidyl site
exit site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

translation control: growth rate-dependent control of 70S ribosome

A

ribosomal proteins can bind to their won mRNA and prevent translation.
Higher levels of ATP promote translation. Lower levels inhibit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

translation consensus sequence

A

AGGAGG- critical for ribosome binding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

two types of M tRNA

A

initiator tRNA, elongator tRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

translation - 3 elongation steps

A

aminoacyl-tRNA binding
transpeptidation
translocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

trigger factors

A

-ensure proper de novo protein folding
-2-3x more TF than ribosomes in cells
-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

DnaK

A

hydrophobic core

sandwich subdomain, helical lid domain which compose the substrate binding domain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

DnaJ

A

cystein rich

zn finger domain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

DnaK, DnaJ, GrpE - mechanism

A

DnaK is a holdase
DnaK is bound to ATP. DnaJ brings in protein to be folded. ATP is used to fold protein. DnaJ is released. GrpE facilitates the ADP ATP exchange.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

signal sequence

A

N terminal marks the protein for secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

tat system

A

transports proteins out of the cell - usually with cofactor.
powered by the PMF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how does the N terminus affect protein turnover

A

some AA are unstable (RKFLWY) and have a short half life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

4 reasons for protein degradation

A
  1. misfolded/unfolded
  2. denatured or damage
  3. missing their partner
  4. not needed anymore by the cell (process is complete
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

AAA protease

A

ATPases Assocated with a number of cellular activites

17
Q

sspB

A

modulate kinetics of substrate binding y the protease

18
Q

RssB

A

absolutely required for substrate recognition and proteolysis

19
Q

regulated proteolysis mechanism

A
  1. truncated protein
  2. tagged with SsrA by tmRNA
  3. SspB binds to substrate to mark for the protease
  4. Proteolysis in protease with RssB and ATP.
20
Q

enzyme regulation

A

activity

amount

21
Q

allosteric effect

A

end product acts as an allosteric effector for the enzyme that is catalyzing the reaction, binding and changing the conformation of the enzyme.

22
Q

covalent modifications of enzymes

A

methylation, AMP/ADP addition, phosphate group addition

23
Q

corepressor

A

a repressor may need a corepressor to bind to it so it cna bind and block transcription.

24
Q

inducer

A

bind to repressor and prevent them binding to DNA, allowing transcription

25
Q

lac operon

A

-needs lactose present and high cAMP-CRP

-

26
Q

arabinose operon

A

AraC is both activator and repressor
can for loop through dimerization
can bind to I and promote transcription of araBADa

27
Q

Embdem-Meyerhof Pathway

A

glucose is used as precursor to form precursors for TCA.
gluconeogenesis - formation of glycogen/starch
can produce pyruvate, lactate, glycerol etc.

28
Q

net yield of glycolysis

A

2ATP
2 pyruvate
2NADH
2 H2O

29
Q

Cra and regulatory pathways

A

when glucose and lactose are present: Cra is off - repression of gluconeogenesis, ED and EM activated
when lactose is present: Cra is off- same as above
when neither is present: Cra is on - gluconeogenesis is activated, ED and EM off.

30
Q

Cra - where does it bind? how do catabolites affect function

A

upstream of RNAP activator, downstream = inhibitor.

-catabolites bind and repress gluconeogenic genes and activate glycolytic genes.

31
Q

CsrA

A

going to activate anything relating to growth - glyocolysis and pathogenesis

32
Q

ED Net

A

1 ATP

1NADH

33
Q

ED genes

A

all genes are not essential

34
Q

ED genes

A

all genes are not essential

35
Q

Pentose phosphate NET

A

ribulose 5-P, CO2, 2NADPH, 1ATP

36
Q

TCA NET (including the pre step)

A 
2 pyruvvate
6 CO2
8. NADH
2FADH2
2 GTP
37
Q

FNR

A

Fumarate and nitrate reductase

TCA regulator

38
Q

ArcA

A

aerobic respiration control, member o two component regulatory system responding to oxygen availability.

MMR (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions