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BIOL 150 Midterm 1 > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Cardio system

A

Transport gas and toxins, protect against foreign substances and toxins, maintain body temperature, pH, osmotic composition, restrict blood loss

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2
Q

Lowest part of the heart, the “point”, located in the 5th intercostal space

A

Apex

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3
Q

Top of the heart, located at the 2nd intercostal space

A

Base

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4
Q

Layers of the heart

A

Pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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5
Q

Most superficial layer of the heart, surrounded by fibrous sac that anchors heart to diaphragm, sternum and mediastinum

A

Pericardium

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6
Q

Parietal pericardium

A

Has fibrous outer layer of dense irregular CT, Inner serous layer of pericardial fluid and simple squamous tissue

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7
Q

Innermost layer of pericardium

A

Visceral pericardium

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8
Q

Myocardium

A

Thick middle layer of heart

Made of cardiac muscle

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9
Q

Inner layer of heart, thin layer of simple squamous tissue and areolar CT

A

Endocardium

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10
Q

Receives blood from the upper body and sends to the heart

A

Superior vena cava

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11
Q

Receives blood from lower body and sends to heart

A

inferior vena cava

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12
Q

receives blood from vena cava and sends through tricuspid valve

A

right atrium

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13
Q

Valve between the right atrium and ventricle

A

Tricuspid valve

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14
Q

blood enters it through the tricuspid valve and leaves through the pulmonary valve

A

right ventricle

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15
Q

Separates the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

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16
Q

blood passes into it through the pulmonary valve, sends blood to the lungs

A

pulmonary artery

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17
Q

receives blood from the heart, sends to left atrium

A

pulmonary veins

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18
Q

receives blood form the pulmonary veins, sends through mitral valve

A

left atria

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19
Q

Separates left atria and ventricle

A

mitral or bicuspid valve

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20
Q

receives blood from mitral valve, sends through aortic valve

A

left ventricle

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21
Q

Separates aorta and left ventricle

A

aortic semilunar valve

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22
Q

Sends blood from heart to entire body

A

Aorta

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23
Q

Separates left and right ventricles

A

interventricular septum

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24
Q

separates left and right atria

A

interatrial septum

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25
Collects blood from the coronary veins to send to the right atrium
Coronary sinus
26
prevent heart valves from inverting
cordae tendinae
27
"pacemaker" of the heart, starts hearts internal electric signal
Sinoatrial node
28
Delays electrical contraction impulse in heart so that atria and ventricles contract separately
Atrioventricular node
29
Groove on posterior of heart between atria and ventricles
Coronary sulcus
30
Conducts nerve impulses through the heart, located in interventricular septum
AV Bundle
31
AV bundle separates off at bottom of apex
Bundle branches
32
3 Layers of blood vessels
Tunica Interna Tunica Media Tunica Externa
33
Tunica interna structure
endothelium, Basement membrane, maybe an internal elastic membrane for rebounding
34
Tunica media structure
Smooth muscle, collagen, maybe external elastic membrane
35
Tunica externa structure
Connective tissue
36
Blood vessels that supply other large blood vessels their own blood supply
Vasa vasorum
37
Elastic artery features
Largest arteries, high changes in pressure, lots of elastic fibres, less smooth muscle
38
Muscular arteries features
Medium to small size, lots of smooth muscle, adapted for vasoconstriction and dilation
39
Smallest arteries, carry blood to capillaries
arterioles
40
Capillary types
Continuous fenestrated Sinusoid
41
Continuous capillary
Least permeable, most common
42
Fenestrated capillary
Holes in endothelium to allow for things passing through, moderate community and permeability
43
Sinusoid capillary
Most permeable, least common
44
Bands of smooth muscle laying around capillaries that adjust blood flow to them
Precapillary sphincter
45
Carry blood away from capillaries
Venules
46
Predominant layer of medium and large veins
Tunica adventitia
47
Vein valves
Prevent backflow, are folds in the tunica intima, present in larger veins, more present in lower body
48
Branches off of aorta to supply blood to the heart
Left and right coronary arteries
49
Blood flow from heart to lungs to heart
Pulmonary Circuit
50
Blood flow from heart to body to heart
Systemic circuit
51
Blood supply to the brain
Supplied through the external and interior carotid arteries, plus vertebral arteries
52
Brian feature that prevent lack of blood supply
Arterial circle or circle of willis
53
Carries blood from one capillary bed to another
Portal systems
54
Portal system examples
Hypophyseal | Hepatic
55
Non-cellular components of blood
Plasma, plasma proteins, other solutes
56
Plasma proteins
Albumins Globulins Fibrinogen
57
Blood protein that maintains osmotic pressure
Albumins
58
Plasma protein that transports molecules and antibodies
Globulins
59
Plasma protein that helps in formation of clots
Fibrinogen
60
Blood cells (3)
Erythrocytes Leukocytes Platelets
61
Erythrocytes characteristics
Biconcave disk, no nucleus, contains hemoglobin to carry O2
62
Having one gene that codes for sickle-cell anemia protects against _____
malaria
63
Leukocyte types
Granulocytes | Agranulocytes
64
Granulocyte types
Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils
65
Granulocyte characteristics
Large granules that pick up specific stains, Lobed nuclei
66
Agranulocyte types
Lymphocytes | Monocytes
67
Neutrophil characteristics
Type of granulocyte, picks up acidic and basic stain, most common WBC, has 3-5 lobed nuclei, phagocytic, can leave bloodstream
68
Eosinophil characteristics
Granulocyte, picks up acidic stains, bi-lobed nuclei, reduces inflammation
69
Basophil characteristics
Granulocytes, pick up basic stains, bilobed nuclei, release histamine and heparin

BIOL 150 Midterm 1 (2 decks)

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