Midterm #2 Flashcards
1
Q
neurodevelopmental disorders
A
2
Q
autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
A
3
Q
schizophrenia & other psychotic disorders
A
4
Q
schizophrenia
A
5
Q
bipolar & related disorders
A
6
Q
mania symptoms
A
7
Q
major depressive disorder (MDD)
A
8
Q
hypomania
A
9
Q
bipolar I
A
10
Q
bipolar II
A
11
Q
cyclothymic disorder
A
12
Q
anxiety disorders
A
13
Q
agoraphobia
A
14
Q
obsessive-compulsive & related disorders
A
15
Q
hoarding
A
16
Q
trauma & stressor-related disorders
A
17
Q
PTSD
A
18
Q
dissociative disorders
A
19
Q
dissociative identity disorder (DID)
A
20
Q
somatic symptoms & related disorders
A
21
Q
factitious disorder
A
22
Q
feeding and eating disorders
A
23
Q
bulimia nervosa
A
24
Q
binge eating disorder (BED)
A
25
disruptive, impulse-control, & conduct disorders
- onset: childhood
- more boys diagnosed than girls
- destructive, aggressive behaviours against animals, people, objects (not something done once in a while)
26
personality disorders
27
cluster A personality disorders
28
cluster B personality disorders
29
cluster C personality disorders
30
borderline personality disorder (BPD)
31
social psychology
how the presence of others, real or imaginary, if going to influence how we think and behave
32
attributions
the explanations we offer as to why a behaviour took place
33
dispositional
behaviour took place because this is who the person is
34
situational
behaviour took place because of factors external to the person
35
fundamental attribution error
36
actor-observer bias
37
self-serving bias
38
false consensus bias
39
3 steps of self-fulfilling prophecies
1. must believe something
2. must behave in line with the belief
3. because behaved in line with the belief, expectation became reality
40
What are the 3 major perspectives of the biological perspective?
- behavioural genetics
- neurological
- evolutionary
41
What are the main goals of the neurological perspective?
How physiological factors such as hormones and brain activity determine personality characteristic expression.
42
what are the main goals of the evolutionary perspective?
Behaviours/traits that are helpful with survival are likely to be passed on via evolutionary processes.
43
what are the main goals of the behavioural genetics perspective?
Personality is based on how inherited biological factors interact with the environment.
44
What two traits might have been passed on, according to the evolutionary perspective?
- conscientiousness
- optimism
45
type A personality
- highly driven
- competitive
- aggressive
- more likely to have a heart attack and suffer from substance abuse
46
type B personality
- relaxed
- calm
- easy going
47
concordance rate
It is used to determine the similarity of a personality measure between a set of twins, uses the correlation coefficient.
48
- have higher amygdala levels
- lower levels of serotonin
neurotics
49
- smaller frontal levels
- lower serotonin levels
psychopaths
50
ARAS?
ascending reticular activating system
- regulates brain arousal
51
factor analysis
statistical technique that groups together items based on patterns and similarities
52
Allport
father of personality psychology
53
Eysenck
used factor analysis to come up with 3 main personality factors
54
Costa and McRae
developed the big 5 model
55
3 dimensions of personality (according to Eysenck)
extraversion - introversion
neuroticism - emotional stability
psychoticism - impulse control
56
5 factors of personality (according to Costa and McRae)
openness
conscientiousness
extraversion
agreeableness
neuroticism
(OCEAN)
57
10 clinical scales in the MMPI
hypochondriasis
depression
hysteria
psychopathic deviate
masculinity - femininity
paranoia
psychasthenia
schizophrenia
hypomania
social introversion
58
association techniques
Type of projective test that provides participant with ambiguous picture and analyzes their first response, e.g. Rorschach ink blot test
59
fundamental attribution error
The tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal/dispositional causes rather than external/environmental causes.
60
Clinical scale in MMPI that measures bizarre thoughts and behaviors, difficulty with communication and reality-testing
schizophrenia
61
stereotypes
attitudes and opinions about people based on the group they are affiliated with, and assume that all members of said group share identical traits (e.g., soccer players fake injuries).
62
defining characteristic of bipolar disorder
cycling between extreme moods of mania to depression
63
abnormal psychology
The scientific study of mental illness/psychological disorders and factors associated with them (treatment, causes, prevention, etc.)
64
dispositional/internal attributions
The behavior occurred as a result of personality, emotions, intentions and beliefs;
65
situational/external attributions
The behavior occurred because of external factors outside the person, such as grumpy after a hot day
66
the 3 psychophysiological measures
- electrophysiological
- biochemical
- cortical
67
bystander effect
we are more likely to help someone in need when there is little to no one else around
68
Janis
proposed groupthink
69
Milgram's experiment
- the experiment with the shocking and increase in voltage and all that
- 65% of participants continued to shock to the highest voltage
70
positive symptoms
symptoms that are not normally present
71
factors that are positively correlated with happiness
- agreeableness
- extraversion
- conscientiousness
72
projective tests are associated with what perspective?
psychoanalytical perspective
