Midterm 2 Flashcards
(249 cards)
1
Q
What is Rock ‘N’ Roll in the 1950s?
A
Music for teenagers
Rocking and rolling
2
Q
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/1rsrri33ctr7nDU4Clf1qm?si=381822ca2dae4fd2
What are the elements of this song?
A
Established the identity of teenagers
3
Q
Who is Alan Freed?
A
Disc Jockey
Established Rock N Roll the name (short for rocking and rolling)
4
Q
What is a cover?
A
Recording a song that has previously been recorded by another artist
5
Q
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/1eefLXPPIws94wj57iSWqn?si=df03b9e470f94c15
What are the elements of this song?
A
evelyn Knight did a cover and goes #1 on pop charts. Evelyn was white, Paula was black. Supreme (Watson TPA Form) sues Decca (Evelyn), but Decca wins
6
Q
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/7aLoa1F3EoM8AeC6Ao1RKz?si=0f478c33190c4df2
What are the elements of this song?
A
Haley and the Commets does a cover. Aurally similar, 12 bar blues, lyrics change slightly, sexual lyrics changed to be more tame
7
Q
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/2drXvACELcvwryaFRiRPdA?si=7929a65ebcbc487a
What are the elements of this song?
A
Crew Cuts’ does a cover, becomes a huge pop hit
8
Q
Who is Chuck Berry?
A
vocalist, lyricist, pioneer of guitar, highly influential, fusing blues with a country sound,
9
Q
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/3SQhmctWreNM0X6Zkm2K5R?si=0923cd93c3df45e5
What are the elements of this song?
A
very new, fast tempo, intense, loud, unsyncopated bass line, lyrics and class distinction
Form: 12 bar blues chorus
10
Q
Who is Little Richard
A
Musician who is sexual ambiguity, optimized going against social norms, reckless, crazy
11
Q
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/2iXcvnD3d1gfLBum0cE5Eg?si=8c5a682d50d045b6
What are the elements of this song?
A
homosexual themes, scandalous but sanitized,
Form: 12 bar blues chorus, verses almost 12 bar blue
12
Q
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/507IFqPuG8mBQoKebfGG9t?si=02a9f1d6895e4c4e
What are the elements of this song?
A
12 bar blues into verse (4 bars), chorus (8 bars) (ABB),
13
Q
Who is Fats Domino?
A
R&B artist before he came rock and roll icon
Influenced by boogie woogie and jump blues
Traditionalist: loved New Orleans sound, remade TPA standards
14
Q
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/06PdA0DLgF4BfAeUNZAbFG?si=e034ce58bf25477c
What are the elements of this song?
A
2 in pop and R&B charts
based on TPA standard but his personal style transformed it
harder rhythmic accents
full throated singing
15
Q
Who is Elvis Presley?
A
Influenced by country blues
biggest rock star arguably ever
Otis Blackwell wrote many songs for Elvis
Style was a fusion of country and R&B
country bop
He was seen on many TV performances
16
Q
Who is Otis Blackwell
A
Songwriter, wrote for Elvis
17
Q
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/0GvhHQbWSnGltjl0je61dI?si=13bf411e2e374a1c
What are the elements of this song?
A
recorded when he was 18
cover (arrangement and reconceptualization
completely different instruments and feel (the focus is on Elvis instead of the instruments like in the original) instruments are like a train
Form: standard 12 bar blues form
18
Q
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/4zzXm1QJQXWLyUfFhWZBRg?si=3b29cb8fc5514507
What are the elements of this song?
A
written by Otis Blackwell
clear synthesis of R&B and white gospel,
strong R&B backbeat
guitar riffs
vocal backing group
Form: AAB AA(verse) B (chorus) 12 bar blues
19
Q
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/64Ny7djQ6rNJspquof2KoX?si=415e0f8f914a4baa
What are the elements of this song?
A
cover (thematic change, sexual implications are totally gone, no asserting of power in the lyrics)
Form: 12 bar blues form
20
Q
What is Rockabilly?
A
Fusion of country and R&B
21
Q
What were some major changes in music in the 1960s?
A
Pop and rock music were used to escape turmoil and outlet of expression
Baby boomers were playing major roles in society
Development of free form social dances (The Twist)
22
Q
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/4YCnTYbq3oL1Lqpyxg33CU?si=aac42cb0754048f0
What are the elements of this song?
A
went #1
Introduced a broader audience to rock and roll
shaped the future for free form pop dance
23
Q
Who is Phil Spector?
A
One of the most influential people of pop music history
Songwriter and Producer
first pop producer to have a box set under his own name
24
Q
What is Philles records?
A
Record promoter Lester Still collabed with Spector and made Philles Records
made lots of hits, Spector supervised lots of the sound (pick or make the sound)
25
Who is the Wrecking Crew
Phil Spector's house band
26
What is the Brill Building?
Brain trust of songwriters in NY Spector divided his work between West and East coasts (he recorded in LA, so power shifted away) (Songwriters were in NY)
The Songwriters congregated in NY (rock and roll version of TPA)
27
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/2G2YzndIA6jeWFPBXhUjh5?si=76d70205dbf14b7f
what are the elements of this song?
essential teenage symphony sound full orchestra
background singing
riff in solo percussion `
28
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/4CU6WHrOTupJ6XgeYAAeCO?si=d0b48c0a6df74e1d
What are the elements of this song?
unusual theme
class inequality
location has meaning
Downtown is minor key
Uptown is major key
latin american musical elements, exoticism,
29
Who is Berry Gordman?
Founder of Motown
Believed all created and financial aspects would be under his control He avoided evoking R&B by 12 bar forms or doo wop, but instead used general blues and gospel styles
30
What is the Motown Sound
Favoured girl groups
Hard driving dance beat
Lush, like the teenage symphony but without wall of sound
→ created a forward momentum (aka groove)
31
Who are the Funk Brothers?
Motown house band
32
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/745H5CctFr12Mo7cqa1BMH?si=956d2e2e64024c77
What are the elements of this song?
romantic sentiment
not a wall of sound
cumulative layering sounds
increases in intensity
bass and melodic motifs
33
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/1OppEieGNdItZbE14gLBEv?si=4435adeca4c2472d
What are the elements of this song?
dance
driven by tambo
formal structure is complex
form mirrors the lyrics
34
Who are the Beach Boys?
Most celebrated American rock group
Brian Wilson (songwriter, arranger, performer for Beach Boys)
Best selling american rock group in the 1960s
Pet Sounds: first concept album
35
Who is Brian Wilson?
Songwriter, arranger, performer for Beach Boys
36
What are the three phases of the Birtish Invasion of music?
Imitation phase
Emulation phase (original but influenced by others)
Experimentation phase (sounds and lyrics beyond traditional forms)
37
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/2EPr9Wx7e1cpGEbNAtuN7x?si=ad17f9f2b59c4e2b
What are the elements of this song?
(imitation phase): borrowing of Chuck Berry’s Sweet little 16 in music and theme
38
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/4T5SR1krNuVLOnxSjYb8nW?si=69a2cc9a35c34134
What are the elements of this song?
emulation phase): Took the guitar line from Johnny B Goode in the intro of the Fun, Fun, Fun
39
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/3mXexrmtPJ1KdWN37rYePx?si=79bfbe47b96d43ca
What are the elements of this song?
First #1 record
influenced by 50s rock in appeal and accessibility
chord changes are experimental (much more sophisticated)
variability and asymmetry of structure
40
Who are the BEatles?
First #1 in America: I Want To Hold Your Hand
caused British bands to come in (Rolling Stones, Led Zeppelin, etc)
Continuously evolved (different then beach boys)
Creative team (different then beach boys)
41
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/6EHuOufBeL6vk3TvVJB5qo?si=4af47e823e57486f
What are the elements of this song?
emulation phase
AABA form, internal rhyme, word play, harmony
42
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/1pctwlBtIcKIjQMzsVcGHB?si=4f250f7592d545c7
What are the elements of this song?
emulation phase
AABA (bridge)
instrumental interlude
don’t follow the typical 12 bar blues form
43
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/3BQHpFgAp4l80e1XslIjNI?si=fa6e4eb603b548c8
What are the elements of this song?
(emulation phase but a little experimental)
TPA form
expressive melody and harmony pushes the boundaries of rock (rock elements have been removed)
acoustic guitar, strings, solo vocals, phrases are asymmetrical (7 measures)
44
what are the three qualities of the Nashville sound?
More sophisticated vocals (lose the twang
Strings (adds class)
Background singers (not just a solo act)
45
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/4LJcNiq2pBb8OeqrGdBJQw?si=ed065b12b30c463f
Who wrote this song?
Brenda Lee
46
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/78KFIBlcbtjyukA7XxZju5?si=43d4142f021c45ee
Who wrote this song?
Patsy Klein
47
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/44AyOl4qVkzS48vBsbNXaC?si=5bcb8a1a6c1d492b
Who wrote this song?
Elvis Presley
48
Who is Ray Charles?
Country with R&B
Songwriter, arranger, vocalist, keyboardist
American music
Pioneer of soul music (R&B + Gospel = Soul)
Melismatic runs (many notes in one syllable)
49
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/6h4rAPuTPv0iAI1NaF2SRL?si=d3f476008e2d4f0d
What are the elements of this song?
combo of r&b and gospel elements (early soul)
Call and Response
50
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/6yMGxqKj0218mFR5KqsMRq?si=97d44b99d63f46c7
What are the elements of this song?
TPA standard but gospel
orchestral strings
51
Why is the album Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music significant?
Concept album
52
Who is James Brown?
Rhythms and timbre over harmony and melody
Hook was the most important
Strong links with African music styles
Brown became a spokesperson for Black social and political ideas
53
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/00pGV4EInVd77cnOIwPTCv?si=6f879ad53d81495b
What are the elements of this song?
12 bar blues
quintessential James Brown
Hook dominated
shaped by rhythmic patterns
stop time that creates tension
54
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/5h8ve1B7Gr3k4W0WXAgLxE?si=fc78e7f0c91c46de
What are the elements of this song?
timbre technique
no melody just speech
rhythmic but harmonically static
civil rights ideas
clear message
call and response
55
Who is Aretha Franklin?
“Taking the power back”
Sociopolitical statements embodied in the spirits of her records
Tons of hits for 5 straight years
Style: Gospel influence, passion of delivery, call and response, melisma, intensity in her vocals,
56
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/7s25THrKz86DM225dOYwnr?si=7fe1f46ded80493d
What are the elements of this song?
Call and Response
Cover of Otis Redding's song
57
Who is Bob Dylan?
Most influential and creative Folk Artist
High quality of his songs (textually and musically)
Affinity for rural modes (country, blues)
Genius poet (vibrant and clear imagery)
Unpolished vocals (not very refined)
58
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/3RkQ3UwOyPqpIiIvGVewuU?si=07a2cb9816bf4d84
What are the elements of this song?
Cover version by the Byrds
59
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/3AhXZa8sUQht0UEdBJgpGc?si=76bee4dfc5a0428a
What are the elements of this song?
longest song ever released
unique timbre and density
poetry is very topical
organ and piano
Form: strophic form (but the verses are incredibly long)
60
what were the three influences on music in the 1960s?
Disillusionment
free love
drugs
Overall: Counterculture
61
Why is Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band significant
Influences from drugs
Figures on the cover associated with counterculture
album invited listeners to be apart of a community
Concept album
62
Who is Jefferson Airplane?
Surreal lyrics and instrumental improvisation
Distortion, intense style of music (became known as Acid rock)
63
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/4vpeKl0vMGdAXpZiQB2Dtd?si=02154099e420439d
What are the elements of this song?
typical psychedelic rock
surrealist lyrics
attack on parents of older generations
references to drugs
distorted sound
latin classical influences
64
Who is Janis joplin?
Joined Big Brother and the Holding Company
65
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/3eYCJXTViFwl5mdtcTsF4G?si=9d99e03fb5a048d0
What are the elements of this song?
Joplin's leave it all out there style
66
Who are the Grateful Dead?
Meant to be heard live
Quintessential live band
exemplified counterculture, psychedelic rock (long “jams” as songs)
Did lots of different genres and styles
67
What is the Live Dead
First Grateful Dead live album
68
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/2AF1drAUmMi8ZX0U97UJLw?si=528dc054033a4c5e
What are the elements of this song?
23 minute song
69
Who are the Doors?
Jim Morrison: symbol of counter culture and rebellion
70
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/5uvosCdMlFdTXhoazkTI5R?si=513d953060c04649
What are the elements of this song?
Counterculture theme
Changed how rock was consumed on the radio
71
Who is Jimi Hendrix?
Electric guitar virtuoso
Musical enlightenment
Most inventive influential guitarist
Style: timbre and harmonically experimental, Feedback, distortion
72
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/0wJoRiX5K5BxlqZTolB2LD?si=70e3f34e573441f6
What are the elements of the song?
representation of Jimi’s style
73
What changed in music in the 1970s?
Shift from counterculture to conservatism
Counterculture images had become mainstream
Magnetic tape hits American households
Cassette is introduced
74
Who is Carole King?
Songwriter from the Brill Building
Tapestry: Famous album
75
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/12q3V8ShACq2PSWINMc2rC?si=54bd98a90f9f45cd
What are the elements of this song?
Soft rock, soft groove
76
Who is Joni Mitchell?
Confessional singer songwriter
Folk Rock
Significant album: Blue
77
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/7jeSFewaQLq8t2x8OZFQxZ?si=79f03d54042744e5
What are the elements of this song?
light instrumentation, small percussion, dulcimer
78
Who is Elton John?
Wide appeal
Nostalgic craze
79
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/6WCeFNVAXUtNczb7lqLiZU?si=b3f76168e5a546ba
What are the elements of this song?
Celebration of the 50s
Nostalgia
80
Who is Stevie Wonder?
Singer songwriter
Combined rock with longstanding african american music traditions
1971- full artistic control in Motown deal
81
What song is this https://open.spotify.com/track/1h2xVEoJORqrg71HocgqXd?si=fe20b5da33f843d0
What are the elements of this song?
blend of African musical traditions
82
What is 33 1/2 Lp?
Bigger space for album
83
Why is the Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spider from Mars significant?
Concept Album
Glam rock
84
Why is Dark Side of the Moon significant?
Psychedelic
Madness as the unifying theme
None musical samples that are in the album (heartbeats, cash register)
Mood and Tempo is uniform to all the songs
85
who is Led Zeppelin?
British rock band
Use of folk music instruments
86
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/5CQ30WqJwcep0pYcV4AMNc?si=babf9f55ebeb4a03
What are the elements of this song?
juxtaposed Heavy metal and Gentle intimate folk style of Led Zeppelin
texture and melody escalates like a “stairway”
Musical development
87
Who is Miles Davis?
Bitches Brew
Fusion of Jazz and rock
Not tonal: the hierarchy of notes doesn’t exist, no tonal ending
88
What is Disco?
Inspired by Motown and Funk
Reaction against rock and roll
Rejected album is an art form
Audience simply needs to dance, no time for artful arrangement of songs
89
What are Segue mixes?
sequences of songs that can play one after another
90
Why is the movie Saturday Night Fever significant?
Disco movie
Upward mobility
Embodiment of American dream
Bee Gees started getting big
91
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/5csdrJ0JtFn0qvwlvSh2EI?si=a3ddc21233b64a79
What are the elements of this song?
performed by Love Unlimited Orchestra
instrumental
emphasizes danceability
92
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/0G3fbPbE1vGeABDEZF0jeG?si=ce1f4899b2564877
What are the elements of this song?
constant beat, repetitive, constant tempo, light lyrics, limited harmony (two different chords)
93
Who is Willie Nelson?
Most significant figure of progressive country
Became associated with the Outlaws
Appeal to rock and country
94
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/2uRVPeQbsEpRQD0DKr1WTo?si=97f906fd4c9d4413
What are the elements of this song?
part of Red Headed Stranger (country concept album, narrative: lady cheats on man)
95
What is Ska?
R&B with Jamaican folk music, rock quartet (piano, bass, drums, guitar) with brass and saxophones, fast tempo, steady 4 beat patterns
96
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/1n7j82PulFiE2cPz5oL8zQ?si=6af6ee7d784b4d98
What are the elements of this song?
Ska off beats
Trombone
97
What is Rastafarianism?
Reinterpretation of the Bible with Africa as chosen people
Eventually became associated with weed
98
What is Rocksteady?
Slowed down version of ska
99
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/40m4TVdRgogwawVxD9qEwk?si=fdd62ea2be054ebb
What are the elements of this song?
Mellow version of ska
100
What is Rude Boys?
Jamaican counterculture
101
What is Reggae?
Rastafari + rude boys = Reggae
Slower tempo then Rocksteady
102
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/2XIr0KTybGQsC1SFfeaZhI?si=48e25f4cd8144548
What are the elements of this song?
soundtrack from movie, when released to US it started to the reggae craze in the US
103
Who is Bob Marley?
Jamaican national hero
Songs rooted in rastafarian belief system
104
What is New Wave?
First alternative music
105
What is punk rock?
Supposed to take rock back to wildness of 1950s
106
Who is Velvet Underground?
ancestor of New Wave, rough chaotic music, dark lyrics
107
What song is this?
https://open.spotify.com/track/29engDqjmMr3VLqMm0c0WE?si=403ff0b01b404c4c
What are the elements of this song?
first single LP was emblematic of fuck the system
108
Who are the Stooges?
ancestor of punk rock
109
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/4nJCE9UyNXhuERnSX8YgSH?si=4602fe9b7e4a48fd
What are the elements of this song?
excellent example of amusical punk sound
110
What is CBGB?
Club
111
Who are the Ramones?
Punk
Image invokes rebellious spirit of the 190s Rock and Roll
Start at CBGB
112
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/5NoQvINZLBV1wMYPdNmReL?si=6b7e10c717664f12
What are the elements of this song?
humour and style of the Ramones describes drug induced insanity to which the only solution is drug induced paralysis
113
Who are the Talking Heads?
New Wave
CBGC start
Intentional awkwardness
114
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/7dSCxR4LqkmxoBrq9MzVSD?si=e2fb83c3b9c248fa
What are the elements of this song?
bassline riff, layer of musical lines, use of stereo
115
What is Funk?
Early 70s - back to basics, back to dance
Intense focus on dancing
Catchy melodies
Unique brand of syncopation
Groove (so important, defined by bassline)
115
Who is Parliament?
Geroge Clinton
116
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/4XRkQloZFcRrCONN7ZQ49Y?si=eb5892c726c143a5
What are the elements of this song?
Bass voice groove
Groove
117
Who is Sly Stone?
African american perspective to rock
Style: James brown funk with jazz soul, psychedelia, socially engaged lyrics of Folk Rock
Optimistic dance oriented songs
118
Who is Sly and the Family Stone?
His and his brothers band combined
Goal: Bring audiences together
119
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/4ZVZBc5xvMyV3WzWktn8i7?si=165a8df71a5746db
What are the elements of this song?
#1 on Pop and R&B charts, single chord
theme of the song: we are all just people, underlines the absurdity of segregation
120
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/2GVEs1sn5Q1jB1976vQoAX?si=330bf30fdd274545
What are the elements of this song?
wah wah sound, most successful Sly song, still a unifying message through the lyrics, good and bad things about being in a family
121
What are the orgins of hip hop?
Culture
Distinct style of dance, dress
Musical link between Africa and America
122
What are musical elements of hip hop?
Synocation
Groove
The hook
Tone colours
Dense textures
Improvisation
123
Who is DJ Kool Herc?
breakbeat music, he would mix these into other music
Microphone: DJ Kool Herc started using while breakbeats were playing (Early rap)
124
Who is Lightnin rod?
Hustler's convention
125
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/259LzD4H9Z6W5TqfZSmKzZ?si=71fa6de4359e474d
What are the elements of this song?
First popular rap song, sampled the bass line from Chic’s Good times, each member is an MC
126
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/32X0tTPXoWYNld9y1RRbFI?si=9104a465ac074700
What are the elements of this song?
synthesisers, first song that provided an honest description of 80s urban ghettos and life on the street to become big
127
What song is this https://open.spotify.com/track/2nWHzbBWBOePUvAImQv2So?si=11d4b9bc5b824dc4
What are the elements of this song?
Jazz hip hop fusion, record scratching in the style of NY DJs
128
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/5yR9u8QiOt8hJaddv32oo7?si=de79fe26bd6543a8
What are the elemnts of this song?
Chaka Khan covers Prince song with member of Grandmaster Flash, vocal sampling, rap, synth effects, rap with soul
129
Who is Run-DMC?
Hard edged
Rock influence
Hard powerful beats
Loops of Heavy metal guitars
Rhythmically intertwined
Popularized rap in a young white audience
Bucket hats, chains, big shoes were associated with them
130
What is Raising Hell?
Run-DMC’s hip hop album with fusions of hard rock
131
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/6qUEOWqOzu1rLPUPQ1ECpx?si=83c204b65a554ee1
What are the elements of this song?
Run DMC cover while collabing with Aerosmith, calculated crossover, synergy of two high end genres
132
Who is Public Enemy?
Socially engaged rap
Complex verbal interplay with dense textures (Bomb squad)
Artistic sampling
133
Why is "It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold us Back" significant?
album, NOT a synthesis of genres, just rap by Public Enemy
134
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/64850mXUPMByArvFTYFsDf?si=2655a68ef6da41c9
What are the elements of this sonf?
moral authority that characterizes Public Enemy’s music, indictment of crack cocaine epidemic that turns people into zombies, wordplay, explores idea of music as organized noise, sound samples and music samples, spoken word sample that opens the track
135
What are some qualities of hardcore punk rock?
Hardcore
Sound as if made inexpertly
“Screw the system” attitude
136
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/6capuHDLxgoUUjDD0UhAgN?si=1ce6397a9e7b426d
What are the elements of this song?
anti establishment, anti american imperialism, middle class lies, sarcasm, extreme dissonance, violent guitar
137
Who is Nirvana?
Breakthrough for grunge
Fame destroyed them
Blend of hardcore punk and heavy metal
Unpolished but not punk unpolished
Clean harsh sounds of metal without virtuosity or speed of metal
138
What is significant about Nevermind?
displaced MJ’s comeback album from the charts, stayed on the charts for years
139
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/5ghIJDpPoe3CfHMGu71E6T?si=d749ba4772484fc6
What are the elements of this song?
fits alt rock song in 90s to be top 10, heavy metal techniques with pop techniques (memorable hooks, chorus),
140
Who is Ani Defranco?
Singer songwriter with punk edge
DIY model of punk aesthetic
Demo album and pressed them herself and sold them herself
Rebellious musical energy
Progressive outlook of urban folk but with rebellious energy of punk
141
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/7g3P7uD8zcp7ASPD4irhf3?si=45428ad05ee94749
What are the elements of this song?
evealing personal lyrics, minimalist texture (her and and bass), words come first, lyrics are a response to man who wronged her, but eventually turn into about stereotypes about women in America, emotionally intense,
142
Who is Lauryn Hill?
Began with the Fugees (hip hop, r&b and reggae)
Style: blend of rap reggae and r&b, self aware self conscious music, female empowerment
143
What is the Score?
multi platinum album by the Fugees with hit Killing Me Softly
144
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/0uEp9E98JB5awlA084uaIg?si=3692f21038204cf8
What are the elements of this song?
R&B and modern rap elements, aspects of 50s r&b with soulful lead vocals, horn section, groove, digital instruments, socially conscious theme, moral highground, humour, Theme: male and female observations (rare for the time)
145
Who is k.d Lang?
Began as a Patsy Cline imitator (Nashville sound)
Honky tonk
Four Grammys
90s: Adult Contemporary star (Constant Craving, Miss Chatelaine were big hits)
“Icon of Lesbian Chic”
Style: alternative, androgynous image (big in the 90s), rich vocals, easy vocalist,
146
Why is the album "Angel with a Lariat" significant?
breakthrough album in the late 80s for kd lang
147
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/3qIV1ApAvExmodBJKWEpSJ?si=3edeada0c1dc415f
What are the elements of this song?
from album Absolute Torch, traditional style, unremarkable instrumentation, never uses 8 measure phrases, harsh words, theme could be about child abuse,
148
Who is Gloria Estefan?
Worldwide craze for latin began
1 of 2 biggest latin pop stars (other is Selena)
1975: became member of Miami Sound Machine
1989: became solo
Style: MSM (disco and salsa, especially on Primitive Love), dance oriented pop, english and spanish songs,
149
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/53pZ8y3yMYUNpclGwIufu0?si=80769e0ae05744eb
What are the elements of this song?
fusion of disco and salsa from Primitive Love album
150
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/4ifFMZRia6FmY9JAcW9uwt?si=82657323f67e4732
What are the elements of this song?
collab of Mylo and Estefan, remix of Drop the Pressure (Mylo, EDM house) with Dr Beat (disco, MSM), off the album Destroy Rock & Roll, house and disco combo
151
What is Pop Rap?
Verbal cadence of rap, digital sampling, R&B vocal style
152
Who is MC Hammer?
Dancer, prominent in his music videos
Viewed as a sell out, critiqued for not being the most skilled
153
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/1B75hgRqe7A4fwee3g3Wmu?si=0948c0c7e2ff4575
What are the elements of this song?
about being the best
154
Who is Vanilla Ice?
Brought hip hop to a wider audience
No real life street cred
155
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/3XVozq1aeqsJwpXrEZrDJ9?si=9308fafd49f342a9
What are the elements of this song?
percussion sounds meant as spray paint, sample of Under Pressure, meant to create his own hype
156
What is Gangsta Rap?
Variant from the margins
Reflect dialect of hip hop culture
Angrier
Darker
More threatening than pop rap
Generated tons on profit
East vs West Coast
157
What is West rap style?
Laid back rap style
Southern dialect flavours
158
Who is Ice-T?
Reflect ongoing changed in southern communities (unemployment, gang violence)
159
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/0G3ImRQDWtOTwTK1oL5uWF?si=2b02bf8d553d4498
What are the elements of this song?
single from Ice-T 4th album, very different from pop rap
160
Who is NWA?
Ice Cube, Dr Dre, Easy-E, M.C Ren
Wanted to make a name for compton
161
What is significant about Straight Outta Compton?
discusses gangsta rap style, themes of violence and sex
162
What song is this https://open.spotify.com/track/5n8Aro6j1bEGIy7Tpo7FV7?si=0412024b3c274b85
samples from funk, melodic texture is thin, some sax and electric guitar, animosity to stop and search
163
Who is Dr. Dre?
Dr. Dre
Gangsta Funk: influenced by P-funk of George Clinton
P-Funk methods but sped up
Deep bass
Hypnotic groove
Female Vocals
High synth lead
164
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/0eO8MW9YSTK3CjdaTYKlhF?si=5aea8ab5a35b4cc8
What are the elements of this song?
catchy hooks, good for clubs, samples of P-Funk, raps about potential violence, sexual prowess,
165
WHat is the East Coast Rap style?
Gained popularity after west coast
Prioritised lyrics over danceable beat in the West
Lyrical dexterity
Complex wordplay
166
Who is Nas?
Put East Coast back on the scene
Jazz soul samples
Gang violence
167
Why is Illmatic significant?
one of the greatest rap albums
168
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/0trHOzAhNpGCsGBEu7dOJo?si=51b7a45cf94a4ff8
What are the elements of this song?
vulnerability
169
Who is the Nototious BIG?
Laid back
Biographical but honesty
Easy to understand
Became the face of East Coast rap
170
Why is Ready to Die signicant?
Rap album that was meant with critical acclaim immediately
171
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/63BcfK6YAzJYeISaTPr6IO?si=dc00d36135ee445a
What are the elements of this song?
Overtly R&B inspired, some similarities as Dre’s G-Funk, effortless delivery
172
Who is salt-n-pepa?
East coast group
First female rap group to go multi platinum
173
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/6CUWzTRmC1GjjSDTtiVfsI?si=e97ee988ddaa402d
What are the elements of this song?
female empowerment, objectifies men,
174
What is the Belleville Three
Inspired by coastal cities and Kraftwerk
175
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/1Ro7L7RPp5P8heOfW4EQKA?si=5ca9ede669734e43
What are the elements of this song?
Repetitive, cod, reflects industrial plants of Detroit
175
What is significant about Chicago House music
Manipulation of disco recordings
Four to the flour dance beat style
175
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/07fFRfFUXKn3oaVfTKr4hs?si=0546695d8f0947d9
What are the elements of this song?
Chicago house music style
176
What is the sound of the 21 century?
Nostalgification
Crisper clearer electronic sound
No “one” style that can define the 2000s
Gradual evolution
Music and technology- real legacy of 21st century, technological innovations that have changed how we produce, record, consume music
177
Who is Mariah Carey?
Melismatic sound style (associated with gospel)
Gospel soul influence
178
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/3LmvfNUQtglbTrydsdIqFU?si=4413d957c9694d6c
What are the elements of this song?
relaxed slower tempo, syncopated piano, 1970s chord progression, soul
179
Who is LAdy Gaga?
“Modern Madonna”
Provocateur
Fashion Icon
Early music: throwback to synth pop and disco
180
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/5R8dQOPq8haW94K7mgERlO?si=3d2c6099c1044e3c
What are the elements of this song?
starts with harder darker synth sound, then beat brightens into synth pop
181
Who is Adele?
Power tunes reminiscent of the golden age of 1960s female singers
Strong backbeat
Powerful vocals
Girl group style backup vocals
Performed on SNL at the same time their rating were really good
21: Lots of hits
Style: power ballads, throwback style, shiny pop, strident gravelly sound
182
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/4OSBTYWVwsQhGLF9NHvIbR?si=cc5fac3a521b4a00
What are the elements of this song?
minimal, then leads into strong beats, background vocals
183
Who is Bruno Mars?
Emblematic of retro consciousness
Built on nostalgia
184
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/7BqBn9nzAq8spo5e7cZ0dJ?si=4cc8e66759424a25
What are the elements of this song?
subtle musical throwbacks, pop ballad, downtempo, love song, more active rhythmic profile inspired by hip hop (what makes it pop), intimate vocal styling, up close and personal
185
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/32OlwWuMpZ6b0aN2RZOeMS?si=88c49c17a2d045ee
What are the elements of thsi song?
collab with Mark Ronson, overt retro musical references, minneapolis sound (funk, synth sound, Prince’s sound), soul vocals, disco and funk beats (a little too borrowed, controversy with Gap Band, led to lawsuit)
186
What is a DAW?
Allowed to run software on personal computer
Allowed accessibility for home studio musicians
Could make unlimited alterations
Visual interface (you can see the sound waves)
Composition seen as more so “assembly”
187
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/19aUcBFBrXbsAcucaVFBjW?si=ac26f797ea7942be
What are the elements of this song?
samples african folk song
188
What is a MPEG?
digital file compression algorithm that allowed sound fields to be shrunk to 1/12th of their original size
189
What is a MP3
descendant of MPEG, allowed a computer to hold tons of songs
190
What is Napster?
Internet based program that allowed music to be shared
Didn’t violate copyright, but encouraged it
RIAA shut it down
191
What is iTunes and the iPod?
Digital personal listening devices
First gen iPod could store 1000 CD quality tracks
Shuffle function
iTunes stores: tons of recordings were available, but there were major holdouts
192
What is significant about music streaming?
Streaming took over vs downloading
Biggest change in music post 2010
Allowed access to as many songs as you like
Subscription vs Ownership
193
What is Pandora?
Avoided copyrights by operating like a radio (stations off preferences, can’t choose individual songs)
Royalties aren’t as high
Has changed now- you can search songs and play them
194
What are the differences between Spotify, Apple Music and Tidal?
Spotify: Paid through market share
Apple: Per stream
Tidal: exclusive releases
195
What are some major videos/users of YouTube?
OK go: video dancing in backyard goes viral
Warner made whole discography available
Justin Bieber: music executives saw a Chris Brown cover posted
Lady Gaga: used to build international fanbase
Psy: Gangnam Style
196
What is new about Rock in the 2000s?
Cutting out the middleman
Directly reach audience without record companies
2007: Prince released free album (Planet Earth), Radiohead self released online album (In Rainbows), U2 put album on everyone’s Apple Music (Songs of Innocence)
Integrated deals: more rights
Digital: flexible timeline, multiple albums a year
Sound changed: no longer determined by record companies
197
Who is Nickelback?
Represent traditional commercial approach to rock (proved it wasn’t dead)
Grunge band with country learnings
198
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/3hb2ScEVkGchcAQqrPLP0R?si=c87d77124a2346a0
What are the elements of this song?
bright metallic timbre, gravelly voice
199
Who is Linkin Park?
Blend of rock and hiphop elements
200
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/3tSmXSxaAnU1EPGKa6NytH?si=656da739747245b8
What are the elements of this song?
rap in the verses, rock sounds in chorus, from album Hybrid Theory
201
What is significant about the album Rock Phenomenon?
Linkin park’s guitarist made, rap track with rock trap example: Holla If Ya Hear Me vs Eye of the Tiger
Existing hip hop songs over existing rock instrumentals
202
Who is Radiohead?
Experimental in rock production and sound
Blend of hardocre punk and anthemic arena rock/ heavy metal
After OK computer, incorporates samples, and other electronic music techniques
203
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/4oXg7xT4ksBxHTx8PcmSXw?si=59b115d086034f09
What are the elements of this song?
punk and arena rock, gradual layering of electronic sounds, from In Rainbows (released as box set and as free downloadable)
204
Who is Arcade Fire?
6 member Alternative canadian rock band
Theme: social issues of generation
205
Why is the album "The Suburbs" significant?
suburban decline, recession
206
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/2UWdUez9MB9yzL7Y81Mcip?si=f3e8f6f222244197
What are the elements of this song?
Arcade Fire’s versatility
207
What are the 3 hip hop personas?
hustler: combined appeal of outlaw with materialism of self made man, being successful on your own terms, being rich means you adhere to your goals not a sell out
artist: economic success is key to escaping record deals, being a creative
genre blender: ignoring boundaries, money comes from innovation
208
Who is Jay-Z?
Hustler
Reasonable Doubt - album
Sold 100 million records
24 grammys
14 solo #1 albums
Began recording in 1997
Formed his own independent record label: Roc-a-fella records
Made his own clothing line to diversify (Rocawear, sold for 204 Million)
Took over Def Jam
2015 took charge of Tidal
Image of Authenticity
209
Who is Kanye West?
Artist
Reputation of musical unconventionality
Sampling
Minimalism, acid house, punk rock styles
College Dropout: introspective, lyrics
210
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/5SkRLpaGtvYPhw02vZhQQ9?si=07c933ab2ba640ca
What are the elements of this song?
All Falls Down
211
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/1gqkRc9WtOpnGIqxf2Hvzr?si=8e1f74baf3cc4436
What are the elements of this song?
On Sight
212
Who is Eminem?
Innovative blender of genres
Embraces his whiteness as a symbol of working class angst
Personal themes of rock brought to hip hop
213
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/3UmaczJpikHgJFyBTAJVoz?si=6682af0b29404160
What are the elements of this song?
theme of letter from a fan, internal rhyming
214
Who is Outkast?
Andre 3000
Big Boy
Genre blending
Considered hip hop duo but recognized outside or rap category
Showed that rap artists could be viewed as mainstream artists
215
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/2PpruBYCo4H7WOBJ7Q2EwM?si=54b04d6cd4274cf8
What are the elements of this song?
very successful as a genreless song, appeared on 6 different charts, juxtaposes various elements from pop history
216
What is the Current state of hip hop in the 2010s?
Streaming distribution impacts how artists make music
According to RIAA: 150 streams = 1 paid download, 10 downloads = album
1500 streams = album sale
Rise in track count and album lengths in order to increase streams per album
Post release editing
Ex: Life Of Pablo updated several times, vocal mixes volume levels changed, Wolves had whole new features which replaced others
The new sound of rap
Genre has become increasingly fluid (rap with pop, rock, alternative music) led to emphasis on melody which led to rappers singing themselves with Auto Tune
SoundCloud Rap
The DIY approach to artistry and fame
Young artists who don't have the resources
217
Who is Drake?
Extends his empire beyond music: OVO, Raptors, Apple music
Style: Abrasive vs lyricism
R&B, Jamaican Dancehall, Trap music influences
Views
218
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/03L2AoiRbWhvt7BDMx1jUB?si=461b41bbeb9d4781
What are the elements of this song?
U with me?
219
what song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/1zi7xx7UVEFkmKfv06H8x0?si=9562a18c17684875
What are the elements of this song?
One Dance
220
Who is Nicki Minaj>
Hustler and artist’s image
Animated stage persona
Alternate musical egos
Lots of endorsements deals
Style: pop rap and vocalist
221
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/3hlksXnvbKogFdPbpO9vel?si=06d2f764bed24398
What are the elements of this song?
Super Bass
222
Who is Frank Ocean?
Began as a ghostwriter
Hip hop heteronormativity broken
Style: avant garde blends hip hop with R&B, soul style, spoken delivery
223
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/0725YWm6Z0TpZ6wrNk64Eb?si=366e86225e04414c
What are the elements of this song?
Super Rich Kids
224
Who is Kendrick Lamar?
Socially conscious
To Pimp a Butterfly: concept album, variety of styles
225
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/1bxEpNR75Hq3T2oF9AZjt8?si=f0630402345f4166
What are the elements of this song>
conversation with himself, disturbing musical atmosphere
226
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/1bxEpNR75Hq3T2oF9AZjt8?si=185af3a88a654cd6
What are the elements of this osng?
vocal jazz with modern R&B
227
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/3ODXRUPL44f04cCacwiCLC?si=2c950713bbe44edd
What are the elements of this song?
fight in the middle
228
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/1WT11QmhZutciEv1NsHt1R?si=483b1f1f818e4845
What are the elements of this song?
pulls all the themes together, “conversation” with Tupac
229
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/5mFMb5OHI3cN0UjITVztCj?si=abe11c4ecf094e4d
What are the elements of this song?
2nd verse has lots of layers, after 2nd chorus the bridge is very different
230
Who is Taylor Swift?
Managed a graceful transition (country to pop)
Speak Now: confessional country album inspired by personal events. Acoustic guitar, steel guitar
Red: heartbreak album, all this that make you see Red, start of her going into pop
1989: full on synth pop, electronic beats
231
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/0dBW6ZsW8skfvoRfgeerBF?si=392f21f06d1f4bc4
What are the elements of this song?
embodies the sound of Speak Now
232
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/1RvQQGwaPipiNgz8RXAKA8?si=c40f0c4f35384533
What are the elements of this song?
embodies country part of Red
233
What song is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/7AEAGTc8cReDqcbPoY9gwo?si=6d6d6fde5ee142fa
What are the elements of this song?
embodies pop part of Red
234
What osng is this? https://open.spotify.com/track/5xTtaWoae3wi06K5WfVUUH?si=e1e552a29c464d19
What are the elements of this song?
embodies the sound of the album
235
What is the difference between musical work copyright and sound recording copyright?
Musical work copyright: portects lyrics
Sound recording: protects the actual recording
236
Who is beyonce?
Black female empowerment
Career similar to Diana Ross (started in Destiny’s Child and broke off)
Style: blend of R&B, dance, hip hop, country
Visual Album: idea of an album that is as important to watch as to listen
Beyonce: surprise drop, dropped it out a sudden (one video per track)
Lemonade: raised bar for visual album, entire video for album, dialed up biographical material,
Black is King: released on Disney plus exclusively
237
What song is t his? https://open.spotify.com/track/0rzNMzZsubFcXSEh7dnem7?si=bec0d068c8854e70
Wjat are the elements of this song>
part of lemonade
238
What is 1 significant sociopolitical factor, 1 technological advancement, 1 genre established and 1 significant artist of the Turn of the Century?
Civil War
Phonograph
Ballads
Stephen Foster
239
What is 1 significant sociopolitical factor, 1 technological advancement, 1 genre established and 1 significant artist of the Pre War period?
WW1
Radio
Ragtime
Scott Joplin
240
What is 1 significant sociopolitical factor, 1 technological advancement, 1 genre established and 1 significant artist of the Post War period?
WW2
TV
Jazz/crooning
Frank Sinatra
241
What is 1 significant sociopolitical factor, 1 technological advancement, 1 genre established and 1 significant artist of the 50s?
Invention of the Teenager
Electric bass guitar
Rock n ROll
Elvis
242
What is 1 significant sociopolitical factor, 1 technological advancement, 1 genre established and 1 significant artist of the 60s?
Civil Rights movement
8-tracks
Folk Rock
Bob Dylan
243
What is 1 significant sociopolitical factor, 1 technological advancement, 1 genre established and 1 significant artist of the 70s?
Vietnam War
Turntables
Funk
Stevie Wonder
244
What is 1 significant sociopolitical factor, 1 technological advancement, 1 genre established and 1 significant artist of the 80s?
Reagan Era
CDs
Synth Pop
Michael Jackson
245
What is 1 significant sociopolitical factor, 1 technological advancement, 1 genre established and 1 significant artist of the 90s?
NAFTA
Internet
Grunge
Nirvana
246
What is 1 significant sociopolitical factor, 1 technological advancement, 1 genre established and 1 significant artist of the 00s?
9/11
iPods
Genre belnding: rock hip-hop
Linkin Park
