Midterm 2 Flashcards
terms, molecules, etc (27 cards)
Alkane (Hydrocarbon)
consists only of carbon and hydrogens
Alkene (Hydrocarbon)
contain at least one c=c double bond
Alkyne (Hydrocarbon)
contains at least C_=C triple bond
Aromatic Ring
ring of atoms with alternating double and triple bonds
Alcohol (All single bonds)
draw a OH attached to a carbon
Ether (All single bonds)
draw a C-O-C or bonded two carbons
Amine (All single bonds)
draw a NH2 bonded to one or more carbons
Haloalkane
draw a compound that consists of a alkane with one or more halogen atoms (Bromine, Chlorine, Iodine, Fluorine
Aldehyde (C-X Multiple Bonds)
carbonyl C=O where the C is bonded to at least one hydrogen
Ketone (C-X Multiple Bonds)
carbonyl C=O where the carbonyl is bonded to two carbons
Carboxylic Acid (C-X Multiple Bonds)
carbonyl group (C=O) and a hydroxyl group (–OH) attached to the same carbon atom
Ester (C-X Multiple Bonds)
a carbonyl group (C=O) is bonded to an oxygen atom (O), which is further bonded to another carbon atom
Amide (C-X Multiple Bonds)
a carbonyl group (C=O) is bonded to a nitrogen atom which can be further bonded to another carbon atom
Nitrile (C-X Multiple Bonds)
a cyano group (–C≡N), where a carbon atom is triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom.
Cyclic Alkanes
class of hydrocarbons that contain carbon atoms arranged in a ring structure, with each carbon atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms
Primary (1°) Carbon:
A primary carbon is attached to one other carbon. This carbon is at the end of a chain or group.
Secondary (2°) Carbon:
A secondary carbon is attached to two other carbons. It’s typically found in the middle of chains or branching points.
Tertiary (3°) Carbon:
A tertiary carbon is attached to three other carbons. It is often found in highly branched structures.
Quaternary (4°) Carbon:
A quaternary carbon is attached to four other carbons. It is typically found at the center of highly branched molecules or in cyclic structures.
constitutional isomers
compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.
Enantiomer
Two compounds with the exact same connectivity, that are mirror images of each other but that are not identical to each other
Diastereomers
two molecules which are stereoisomers (same molecular formula, same connectivity, different arrangement of atoms in space)
Cis & Trans
Cis: two atoms in the back
Trans: 1 front, 1 back
Chiral
Any molecule that is nonsuperimposable (tell apart the differences) on its mirror image is a chiral molecule.