Midterm 2

Question 1

Classical criminology - what were the two major elements of the social context in the 16th century

Answer 1

• Martin Luthor
  -Growing population

Question 2

What did Martin Luther do to influence the 16th century

Answer 2

Translated the bible, making it more accessible and taking power away from the church
- He had the print and press which allowed him to share his ideas

Caused the protestant reformation
- Result of grievances against the church

Question 3

What were “indulgences” ? Why did Martin Luther oppose them and how did he protest them

Answer 3

Indulgences : Practice of purchasing forgiveness for sins

Martin Luther :
- Thought salvation could only be gained by faith in christ
- He nailed 95 theses against the church (condemned) to the door of the church (October 31st 1517)
- He was deemed a heretic

Question 4

Why did the growing population of the 16th century influence their justice system

Answer 4

The population was becoming hydrogenus (more different types of people)
- More people = more varying ideas and beliefs = new social control is needed
- Humiliation was effective because people used to know each other, in this era, this was no longer the case

Question 5

Describe the intellectual context of the 16th century

Answer 5

The enlightenment
- Reason becomes idealized
- Humanism
- Individuals are thought to have free will
- Individuals are rational beings
- Humans are hedonistic (capable of weighing the pros and cons)