Midterm 2

Question 1

Answer 1

Forum at Pompeii
Pompeii
Roman
200 BC-79 AD

The center of civic life, at the north end is the temple of jupiter. Basilica held Pompeii’s law court.

Question 2

Answer 2

Portrait of Vespasian

Roman
69-79 AD

Flavian Era

Vespasian reverts to the veristic style to distance himself from past failed rulers.

Question 3

Answer 3

Portrait of a Flavian Lady
Rome
Roman
ca. 90 AD

Female portraits are classisized. There is intense contrast between her hair detail and skin. Hair is extremely detailed with a dril. Tall slender neck like the portrait of Nefirtiri but features a neutral expression and slight turn of the neck.

Question 4

Answer 4

Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius
Rome
Roman
ca. 175 AD

Depiction of a victorious general on horseback displaying power to destroy and mercy. He was a general and a philosoper. Has the philosophers beard compared to the stubble of a soldier.

Question 5

Answer 5

Portrait of Commodus as Hercules
Rome
Roman
190s AD

Portraying himself as divine compared to the suddle hints of Augustus’s divinity. Golden age to rusty iron.

Question 6

Answer 6

Family Portrait of the Severans

from Egypt (the Fayoum)
Roman
ca. 200 AD

Rare painted portrait supporting family values and peace to Rome. Severus keeps continuity with Marcus Arielius’s philosopher beard to make up for lack of bloodline. Child’s face is scratched out.

Question 7

Answer 7

Mummy of Artemidorus

from Hawara, Egypt
Roman
ca. 100-120 AD

State of many cultures. Roman elites continue Egyptian practices like mummification. Egyptian belief’s but Roman style.

Question 8

Answer 8

Portrait of Caracalla
Rome
Roman
211-217 AD

A man of action and intensity. He wears the soldier’s beard and hair. He commands with the power and ferocity of a soldier as depicted in his portrait.

Question 9

Answer 9

Golden House of Nero (Domus Aurea):
Plan of Esquiline Wing
Rome
Roman
64-68 AD

Nero implements building codes and creates man made lakes. He angers the citizens by taking away there land and homes. When he dies the citizens take back the palace.

Question 10

Answer 10

Golden House of Nero (Domus Aurea):
Reconstruction of the octagonal hall
Rome
Roman
64-68 AD

Radial rooms create lateral support for dome. Intricate architecture allows the reflection of light into the octagonal rooms.

Question 11

Answer 11

Flavian Amphitheater (the Colosseum)
Rome
Roman
72-80 AD

Because of concrete the Roman’s were able to build outside of the land unlike the Greeks. Complex maze structure underneath the arena. Hierarchy of seating. Sculptural and architecrual building with false supporting columns. New building look like old.

Question 12

Answer 12

Trajan’s Forum: Plan
Rome
Roman
ca. 106-112 AD

Quoting Augustus in portrait and in forum. Large open plaza, semi circular wings, traditional. Glorified Trajan’s victories agains the Dacians and military prowess (equestrian statue). Built with the spoils from campaigns.

Question 13

Answer 13

Trajan’s Market
Rome
Roman
ca. 106-112 AD

Complex set of buildings for shops and apartments for the citizens. Replacing commercial areas that were destroyed. Also protects the forum from mud slide.

Question 14

Answer 14

Trajan’s Market: Interior view of the Great Market Hall
Rome
Roman
ca. 106-112 AD

Resembles a modern shopping mall. Features concrete crossing vaults that cover the central space. The new Roman technology is being used in common buldings.

Question 15

Answer 15

Hadrian’s Villa
Tivoli
Roman
ca. 135 AD

Hadrian personally designed his private Villa in Tivoli. It had many features including a pool and artificial grotto. Hadrian brought together many architectural orders such as Greek and Egyptian to, in a sense, bring the world to him.

Question 16

Answer 16

Hadrian’s Villa
Tivoli
Roman
ca. 135 AD

Hadrian personally designed his private Villa in Tivoli. It had many features including a pool and artificial grotto. Hadrian brought together many architectural orders such as Greek and Egyptian to, in a sense, bring the world to him.

Question 17

Answer 17

The Pantheon
Rome
Roman
125-128 AD

The temple of all the gods. It reveals the full potential of concrete and Roman architecture. The large dome symbolized earth and the vault of the heavens. Unified whole uniteruppted by supporting columns. Illumination provides light and dramatic symbolism.

Question 18

Answer 18

Baths of Caracalla
Rome
Roman
ca. 212-216 AD

Propaganda baths but Caracalla in good favor to the citizens. Much like a health spa. Featured mosaics, marble walls and statues.

Question 19

Answer 19

Baths of Diocletian: The Frigidarium
Rome
Roman
298-306 AD (but remodeled by Michaelangelo as the nave of the Church of Santa Maria degli Angeli, 1563,
and again in the 18th century)

Lavish adornment of imperial Roman baths. Groin vaults and clerestory lighting.

Question 20

Answer 20

Plan of Timgad
Timgad, Algeria
Roman
ca. 100 AD

Colony for amry veterans that became the physical embodiment of Roman authority. The town was designed to resemble a military encampment. Depicted Roman order and unity. As population grew, the city expanded haphazardly.

Question 21

Answer 21

Plan of Timgad
Timgad, Algeria
Roman
ca. 100 AD

Colony for amry veterans that became the physical embodiment of Roman authority. The town was designed to resemble a military encampment. Depicted Roman order and unity. As population grew, the city expanded haphazardly.

Question 22

Answer 22

Hadrian’s Wall
Housesteads, Britain
Roman
117-138 AD

A defence wall to keep the Roman empire intact and seperate them from the barbarians. Display of Roman unity and power.

Question 23

Answer 23

Arch of Titus
Rome
Roman
ca. 81 AD

Triumphal arch commemorating Titus. Features winged Victories and parades returning from campaign with spoils. Classical style of Ara Pacis was rejected.

Question 24

Answer 24

Arch of Titus: Triumphal Procession
Rome
Roman
ca. 81 AD

Relief commemorates Titus’s greatest achivement, the conquest of Judaea. A parade of soldiers return with spoils from compaign including the menora. The classical style of Ara Pacis was rejected. The heads are at different levels and location is depicted.

Question 25

Answer 25

Arch of Titus: Titus in chariot Rome Roman ca. 81 AD A Victory crowns Titus in his triumphal chariot. Divine personifications of Honor and Valor are present. Intermingling of human and divine figures in a historical relief. Classical style of Ara Pacis was rejected.

Question 26

Answer 26

Column of Trajan Rome Roman 106-113 AD Funerary monument and commemoration of military triumphs (2 campains). Propaganda supporting Trajan. Compare how you are suppose to read with the Odyssey Landscapes. Barbarians and Romans are depicted (beards). Chaos vs Order.

Question 27

Answer 27

Funerary Relief of a Circus Official Ostia Roman ca. 110-130 Funerary relief depicting the man's profession (circus official. Arch leading to the circus maximus is in background. Horses and chariots are shown. Disproportionate bodies and deeply carved drapery.

Question 28

Answer 28

Funerary relief of vegetable seller Ostia Roman 2nd century AD Funerary relief depicting the profession of the deceased. Artist rejected the Classical-revival style of contemporary imperial art. The counter is tilted foward so the viwer can see the produce.

Question 29

Answer 29

Funerary relief of midwife Ostia Roman 2nd century AD Funerary relief depicting the profession of the deceased. Immortalizing the activities of middleclass merchants and professionals. Scenes of daily life are common in Roman funerary reliefs.

Question 30

Answer 30

Column of Antoninus Pius: Apotheosis Rome Roman 161 AD Illustrates Antonius's (and wife) accent to the heavens and divinity (eagles and winged man). Figures follow classical tradition with elegant well proportions figures and drapery. Augustan woman and reclining youth.

Question 31

Answer 31

Column of Antoninus Pius: Decursio Rome Roman 161 AD The decusio relief breaks from classical convention with stockier and disproportionate figures. Instead of in a window the figures float in our space.

Question 32

Answer 32

Sarcophagus from Melfi Melfi Roman ca. 165-170 AD Reclining woman, whose beuty rivaled Venus and Helen (compare to tomb of persephone or kore). Features aragorical figures on base. Eastern sarcophogai were decorated on all four sides.

Question 33

Answer 33

Sarcophagus showing myth of Orestes Roman ca. 140-150 Relief on the base of Sarcophogus. Themes of Greek mythology were common on sarcophogai. Burial over cremations. Orestes kills his mother and lover but it equitted on trial. Do whatever the fuck you want cause you'll get equitted.

Question 34

Answer 34

Portrait of Trajan Decius Roman 249-251 AD Features tortue/anxiety/pain in expression (inner psychological). Large deepset eyes and furrows. Rejection of Classical idealism and Augustan divinity.

Question 35

Answer 35

Portrait of Trebonianus Gallus probably from Rome Roman 251-253 AD Portrait both draws on and rejects classical idealism. Trebonianus rules with brute for and power (flat, planted stance).

Question 36

Answer 36

Portrait of Philip the Arab Roman 244-249 AD Celebrates 1000 year anniversary of Rome. Features cropped beard and hair of military soldier.

Question 37

Answer 37

Portrait of the Tetrarchs from Constantinople, now in St. Mark's, Venice Roman ca. 305 AD Emperors and vice emperors. Symbolistic portrait instead of individualized. Hugging each other in solidarity. Rejection of classical style.

Question 38

Answer 38

Palace of Diocletian: Reconstruction Split, Croatia Roman ca. 296-306 AD Built like an army camp (compare to Timgad). Diocletian shuts the world out in contrast to Hadrian who brings the world to his villa.

Question 39

Answer 39

Arch of Constantine Rome Roman 312-315 AD Compare to the arch of Titus. Political propoganda. Chose pieces of monuments from old Rome (referenceing the golden age). Avoids the classic style and aricrosity.

Question 40

Answer 40

Basilica of Constantine, with colossal portait of Constantine Rome Roman 315-330 AD Featuring new technology in common building (intersecting vaults and few columns).

Question 41

Answer 41

Colossal portait of Constantine from Basilica of Constantine Rome Roman 315-330 AD Seated like jupiter (not christ) and quoting Augustus. Features a serene look watching over the basilica (new power).