Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych 101 > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Post hoc fallacy

A

“Since event Y followed event X, event Y must have been caused by event X.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

“Since event Y followed event X, event Y must have been caused by event X.”

A

Post hoc fallacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cross-sectional design

A

Research design that examines people of different ages at a single point in time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Research design that examines people of different ages at a single point in time

A

Cross-sectional design

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cohort effect

A

Effect observed in a sample of participants that results from individuals in the sample growing up at the same time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Effect observed in a sample of participants that results from individuals in the sample growing up at the same time

A

Cohort effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Longitudal design

A

Research design that examines development in the same group of people on multiple occasions over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Research design that examines development in the same group of people on multiple occasions over time

A

Longitudal design

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Gene-environment interaction

A

situation which the effects of genes depend on the environment in which they are expressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

situation which the effects of genes depend on the environment in which they are expressed

A

Gene-environment interaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nature via Nurture

A

Tendency of individuals with certain genetic predispositions to seek out and create environments that permit the expression of those predispositions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Tendency of individuals with certain genetic predispositions to seek out and create environments that permit the expression of those predispositions.

A

Nature via Nurture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Gene expression

A

activation or deactivation of genes by environmental experiences throughout development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

activation or deactivation of genes by environmental experiences throughout development

A

Gene expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Zygote

A

fertilized egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

fertilized egg

A

Zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Motor behaviour

A

bodily motion that occurs as a result of self-initiated force that moves the bones and muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

bodily motion that occurs as a result of self-initiated force that moves the bones and muscles

A

Motor behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Puberty

A

the achievement of sexual maturation resulting in the potential to reproduce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the achievement of sexual maturation resulting in the potential to reproduce

A

Puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Primary sex characteristic

A

a physical feature such as the reproductive organs and genitals that distinguish the sexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

a physical feature such as the reproductive organs and genitals that distinguish the sexes

A

Primary sex characteristic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

a sex-differentiating characteristic that doesn’t relate directly to reproduction, such as breast enlargement in woman and deepening voices in men

A

Secondary sex characteristic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Secondary sex characteristic

A

a sex-differentiating characteristic that doesn’t relate directly to reproduction, such as breast enlargement in woman and deepening voices in men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Cognitive development

A

Study of how children acquire the ability to learn, think, reason, communicate and remember

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Study of how children acquire the ability to learn, think, reason, communicate and remember

A

Cognitive development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Assimilation

A

Piagetian process of absorbing new experience into current knowledge structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Piagetian process of absorbing new experience into current knowledge structures

A

Assimilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Accommodation

A

Piagetian process of altering a belief to make it more compatible with experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Piagetian process of altering a belief to make it more compatible with experience

A

Accommodation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Erikson’s 8 stages of human development

A
  1. Infancy
  2. Toddlerhood
  3. Early childhood
  4. Middle childhood
  5. Adolescence
  6. Young adulthood
  7. Adulthood
  8. Aging
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q
  1. Infancy
  2. Toddlerhood
  3. Early childhood
  4. Middle childhood
  5. Adolescence
  6. Young adulthood
  7. Adulthood
  8. Aging
A

Erikson’s 8 stages of human development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Adolescence

A

Identity vs. role confusion. Achievement of a stable and satisfying sense of role and direction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Identity vs. role confusion. Achievement of a stable and satisfying sense of role and direction.

A

Adolescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Young adulthood

A

Intimacy vs. isolation. Development of the ability to maintain intimate personal relationships.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Intimacy vs. isolation. Development of the ability to maintain intimate personal relationships.

A

Young adulthood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Adulthood

A

Generativity vs. stagnation. Satisfaction of personal and familial needs supplemented by development of interest in the welfare of others and the world in general.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Generativity vs. stagnation. Satisfaction of personal and familial needs supplemented by development of interest in the welfare of others and the world in general.

A

Adulthood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Aging

A

Ego integrity vs. despair. Recognizing and adjusting to aging and the prospect of death with a sense of satisfaction about the future.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Ego integrity vs. despair. Recognizing and adjusting to aging and the prospect of death with a sense of satisfaction about the future.

A

Aging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Emerging adulthood

A

period of life between the ages of 18-25 during which many aspects of emotional development, identity, and personality become solidified.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

period of life between the ages of 18-25 during which many aspects of emotional development, identity, and personality become solidified.

A

Emerging adulthood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Preconventional Morality

A

in which decisions about right and wrong are based on avoiding punishment and obtaining benefits
focus on punishment and reward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

in which decisions about right and wrong are based on avoiding punishment and obtaining benefits
focus on punishment and reward

A

Preconventional Morality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Conventional Morality

A

societal rules are internalized and children conform to avoid the disapproval of others
focus on societal values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

societal rules are internalized and children conform to avoid the disapproval of others
focus on societal values

A

Conventional Morality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Postconventional Morality

A

a person moves beyond fixed rules and laws, and judgments are based on one’s perception of societal needs
focus on internal moral principles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

a person moves beyond fixed rules and laws, and judgments are based on one’s perception of societal needs
focus on internal moral principles

A

Postconventional Morality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Primary appraisal

A

initial decision regarding whether an event is harmful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

initial decision regarding whether an event is harmful

A

Primary appraisal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

secondary appraisal

A

perceptions regarding our ability to cope with an event that follows primary appraisal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

perceptions regarding our ability to cope with an event that follows primary appraisal

A

secondary appraisal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

problem-focused coping

A

coping strategy by which we problem solve and tackle life’s challenges head-on

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

coping strategy by which we problem solve and tackle life’s challenges head-on

A

problem-focused coping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

emotional-focused coping

A

coping strategy that features a positive outlook on feelings or situations accompanied by behaviours that reduce painful emotions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

coping strategy that features a positive outlook on feelings or situations accompanied by behaviours that reduce painful emotions

A

emotional-focused coping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

corticosteroid

A

stress hormone that activates the body and prepares us to respond to stressful circumstances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

stress hormone that activates the body and prepares us to respond to stressful circumstances

A

corticosteroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

hassle

A

minor annoyance or nuisance that strains our ability to cope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

minor annoyance or nuisance that strains our ability to cope

A

hassle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

A

stress response pattern proposed by Hans Selye that consists of three stages: alarm, resistance, exhaustion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

stress response pattern proposed by Hans Selye that consists of three stages: alarm, resistance, exhaustion

A

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

The alarm reaction

A

Involves excitation of the autonomous nervous system, the discharge of stress hormone adrenalin, and physical symptoms of anxiety.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Involves excitation of the autonomous nervous system, the discharge of stress hormone adrenalin, and physical symptoms of anxiety.

A

The alarm reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Resistance reaction

A

Adapts to the stressor and finds ways to cope with it. Fight or flight may be triggered.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Adapts to the stressor and finds ways to cope with it. Fight or flight may be triggered.

A

Resistance reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Exhaustion reaction

A

The result of the two previous states can manifest as depression, anxiety, damage to an organ system or breakdown of the immune system. “Burned out”.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

The result of the two previous states can manifest as depression, anxiety, damage to an organ system or breakdown of the immune system. “Burned out”.

A

Exhaustion reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Flight-or-fight response

A

Physical or psychological reaction that mobilizes people and animals to either defend themselves (fight) or escape (flight) or escape (flee) a threatening situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Physical or psychological reaction that mobilizes people and animals to either defend themselves (fight) or escape (flight) or escape (flee) a threatening situation

A

Flight-or-fight response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Reaction that mobilizes people to nurture (tend) or seek social support (befriend) under stress

A

Tend and befriend

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Tend and befriend

A

Reaction that mobilizes people to nurture (tend) or seek social support (befriend) under stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Immune system

A

Our body’s defence system against invading bacteria, viruses and other potentially illness-producing organisms and substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Our body’s defence system against invading bacteria, viruses and other potentially illness-producing organisms and substances

A

Immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

A

a life-threatening, incurable yet treatable condition in which the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks and damages the immune system,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

a life-threatening, incurable yet treatable condition in which the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks and damages the immune system,

A

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

Psychoneuroimmunology

A

study of the relationship between the immune system and central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

study of the relationship between the immune system and central nervous system

A

Psychoneuroimmunology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Peptic ulcer

A

inflamed area in the gastrointestinal tract that can cause pain, nausea and loss of appetite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

inflamed area in the gastrointestinal tract that can cause pain, nausea and loss of appetite

A

Peptic ulcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

Psychophysiological

A

illnesses such as asthma and ulcers in which emotions and stress contribute to, maintain, or aggravate the physical condition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

illnesses such as asthma and ulcers in which emotions and stress contribute to, maintain, or aggravate the physical condition.

A

Psychophysiological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

Biopsychosocial perspective

A

The view that an illness or medical condition is the product of the interplay of biological, psychological and social factors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

The view that an illness or medical condition is the product of the interplay of biological, psychological and social factors.

A

Biopsychosocial perspective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

Coronary heart disease (CHD)

A

Damage to the heart from the complete or partial blockage of the arteries that provide oxygen to the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

Damage to the heart from the complete or partial blockage of the arteries that provide oxygen to the heart.

A

Coronary heart disease (CHD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

Proactive coping

A

Anticipation of problems and stressful situations that promotes effective coping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

Anticipation of problems and stressful situations that promotes effective coping

A

Proactive coping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

Health psychology

A

field of psychology also called behavioural medicine that integrates the behavioural sciences with the practice of medicine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

field of psychology also called behavioural medicine that integrates the behavioural sciences with the practice of medicine

A

Health psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

Aerobic exercise

A

exercise that promotes the use of oxygen in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

exercise that promotes the use of oxygen in the body

A

Aerobic exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

Alternative medicine

A

health care practices and products used in place of conventional medicine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

health care practices and products used in place of conventional medicine

A

Alternative medicine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

Complementary medicine

A

health care practices and products used together with conventional medicine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

health care practices and products used together with conventional medicine

A

Complementary medicine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

Biofeedback

A

Feedback by a device that provides almost an immediate output of biological function, such as heart rate or skin temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

Feedback by a device that provides almost an immediate output of biological function, such as heart rate or skin temperature

A

Biofeedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
99
Q

Meditation

A

a variety of practices that train attention and awareness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
100
Q

a variety of practices that train attention and awareness

A

Meditation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
101
Q

Acupuncture

A

ancient chinese practice of inserting thin needles into more than 2000 points in the body to alter energy forces believed to run through the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
102
Q

ancient chinese practice of inserting thin needles into more than 2000 points in the body to alter energy forces believed to run through the body

A

Acupuncture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
103
Q

Homeopathic medicine

A

Remedies that feature a small dose of an illness-inducing substance to activate the body’s own natural defences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
104
Q

Remedies that feature a small dose of an illness-inducing substance to activate the body’s own natural defences

A

Homeopathic medicine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
105
Q

Personality

A

people’s typical ways of thinking, feeling and behaving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
106
Q

people’s typical ways of thinking, feeling and behaving

A

Personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
107
Q

Trait

A

relatively enduring predisposition that influences our behaviour across many situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
108
Q

relatively enduring predisposition that influences our behaviour across many situations

A

Trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
109
Q

Nomothetic approach

A

approach to personality that focuses on identifying general laws that govern the behaviour of all individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
110
Q

approach to personality that focuses on identifying general laws that govern the behaviour of all individuals

A

Nomothetic approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
111
Q

Idiographic approach

A

Approach to personality that focuses on identifying the unique configuration of characteristics and life history experiences within a person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
112
Q

Approach to personality that focuses on identifying the unique configuration of characteristics and life history experiences within a person

A

Idiographic approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
113
Q

Molecular genetic study

A

investigation that allows researchers to pinpoint genes associated with specific personality traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
114
Q

investigation that allows researchers to pinpoint genes associated with specific personality traits

A

Molecular genetic study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
115
Q

Psychic determinism

A

the assumption that all psychological events have a cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
116
Q

the assumption that all psychological events have a cause

A

Psychic determinism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
117
Q

Id

A

reservoir of our most primitive impulses, including sex and aggression (often represented by the Devil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
118
Q

reservoir of our most primitive impulses, including sex and aggression (often represented by the Devil)

A

Id

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
119
Q

Pleasure principle

A

tendency of the Id to strive for immediate gratification

120
Q

tendency of the Id to strive for immediate gratification

A

Pleasure principle

121
Q

Superego

A

Our sense of morality (often represented by an Angel)

122
Q

Our sense of morality (often represented by an Angel)

A

Superego

123
Q

Ego

A

Psyche’s executive and principal decision maker

124
Q

Psyche’s executive and principal decision maker

A

Ego

125
Q

Reality principle

A

tendency of the ego to postpone gratification until it can find and appropriate outlet

126
Q

tendency of the ego to postpone gratification until it can find and appropriate outlet

A

Reality principle

127
Q

Defence mechanisms

A

Unconscious maneuvers intended to minimize anxiety

128
Q

Unconscious maneuvers intended to minimize anxiety

A

Defence mechanisms

129
Q

Repression

A

the motivated forgetting of emotionally threatening memories or impulses

130
Q

the motivated forgetting of emotionally threatening memories or impulses

A

Repression

131
Q

Denial

A

the motivated forgetting of distressing external experiences

132
Q

the motivated forgetting of distressing external experiences

A

Denial

133
Q

Regression

A

the act of returning psychologically to a younger and typically simpler and safer age

134
Q

the act of returning psychologically to a younger and typically simpler and safer age

A

Regression

135
Q

Reaction-formation

A

transformation of an anxiety-provoking emotion into its opposite

136
Q

transformation of an anxiety-provoking emotion into its opposite

A

Reaction-formation

137
Q

Projection

A

unconscious attribution of our negative characteristics to others

138
Q

unconscious attribution of our negative characteristics to others

A

Projection

139
Q

Displacement

A

directing an impulse from a socially unacceptable target onto a safer and more socially acceptable target

140
Q

directing an impulse from a socially unacceptable target onto a safer and more socially acceptable target

A

Displacement

141
Q

Rationalization

A

providing a reasonable-sounding explanation for unreasonable behaviours or for failures

142
Q

providing a reasonable-sounding explanation for unreasonable behaviours or for failures

A

Rationalization

143
Q

Sublimation

A

transforming a socially unacceptable impulse into an admired goal

144
Q

transforming a socially unacceptable impulse into an admired goal

A

Sublimation

145
Q

Erogenous zone

A

Sexually arpusing zone of the body

146
Q

Sexually arpusing zone of the body

A

Erogenous zone

147
Q

Oral stage

A

psychosexual stage that focuses on the mouth

148
Q

psychosexual stage that focuses on the mouth

A

Oral stage

149
Q

Anal stage

A

psychosexual stage that focuses on toilet training

150
Q

psychosexual stage that focuses on toilet training

A

Anal stage

151
Q

Phallic stage

A

psychosexual stage that focuses on the genitals

152
Q

psychosexual stage that focuses on the genitals

A

Phallic stage

153
Q

Oedipus complex

A

conflict during phallic stage in which boys supposedly love their mothers romantically and want to eliminate their fathers as rivals

154
Q

conflict during phallic stage in which boys supposedly love their mothers romantically and want to eliminate their fathers as rivals

A

Oedipus complex

155
Q

Electra complex

A

conflict during phallic stage in which girls supposedly love their fathers romantically and want to eliminate their mothers as rivals

156
Q

conflict during phallic stage in which girls supposedly love their fathers romantically and want to eliminate their mothers as rivals

A

Electra complex

157
Q

Latency stage

A

psychosexual stage in which sexual impulses are submerged into the unconscious

158
Q

psychosexual stage in which sexual impulses are submerged into the unconscious

A

Latency stage

159
Q

Genital stage

A

psychosexual stage in which sexual impulses awaken and typically begin to mature into romantic attraction toward others

160
Q

psychosexual stage in which sexual impulses awaken and typically begin to mature into romantic attraction toward others

A

Genital stage

161
Q

neo-Freudian theories

A

theories derived from Freud’s model, but that placed less emphasis on sexuality as a driving force in personality and were more optimistic regarding the prospects for long-term personality growth

162
Q

theories derived from Freud’s model, but that placed less emphasis on sexuality as a driving force in personality and were more optimistic regarding the prospects for long-term personality growth

A

neo-Freudian theories

163
Q

Style of life

A

According to Adler, each person’s distinctive way of achieving superiority

164
Q

According to Adler, each person’s distinctive way of achieving superiority

A

Style of life

165
Q

Inferiority complex

A

feelings of low self-esteem that can lead to overcompensation of such feelings

166
Q

feelings of low self-esteem that can lead to overcompensation of such feelings

A

Inferiority complex

167
Q

Collective unconscious

A

according to Jung our shared storehouse of memories that ancestors have passed down to us across generations

168
Q

according to Jung our shared storehouse of memories that ancestors have passed down to us across generations

A

Collective unconscious

169
Q

Archetypes

A

Cross-culturally universal symbols

170
Q

Cross-culturally universal symbols

A

Archetypes

171
Q

Reciprocal determinism

A

Tendency for people to mutually influence each other’s behaviour

172
Q

Tendency for people to mutually influence each other’s behaviour

A

Reciprocal determinism

173
Q

Locus of control

A

extent to which people believe that reinforcers and punishers lie inside or outside of their control

174
Q

extent to which people believe that reinforcers and punishers lie inside or outside of their control

A

Locus of control

175
Q

Self-actualization

A

drive to develop our innate potential to the fullest possible extent

176
Q

drive to develop our innate potential to the fullest possible extent

A

Self-actualization

177
Q

Conditions of worth

A

according to Rogers, expectations we place on ourselves for appropriate and inappropriate behaviour

178
Q

according to Rogers, expectations we place on ourselves for appropriate and inappropriate behaviour

A

Conditions of worth

179
Q

Peak experience

A

Transcendent moment of intense excitement and tranquility marked by a profound sense of connection to the world

180
Q

Transcendent moment of intense excitement and tranquility marked by a profound sense of connection to the world

A

Peak experience

181
Q

Factor analysis

A

statistical technique that analyzes the correlations among responses on personality inventories and other measures

182
Q

statistical technique that analyzes the correlations among responses on personality inventories and other measures

A

Factor analysis

183
Q

Big Five

A

Five traits that have surfaced repeatedly in factor analyses of personality measures

Openness to experience
Conscientiousness 
Extroversion 
Agreeableness 
Neuroticism
184
Q

Five traits that have surfaced repeatedly in factor analyses of personality measures

Openness to experience
Conscientiousness 
Extroversion 
Agreeableness 
Neuroticism
A

Big Five

185
Q

Openness to experience

A

Open people tend to be intellectually curious and unconventional (e.g. “I like opera music”)

186
Q

These people tend to be intellectually curious and unconventional (e.g. “I like opera music”)

A

Openness to experience

187
Q

Conscientiousness

A

These people tend to be more careful and responsible (e.g. “I show up to appointments on time or early”)

188
Q

These people tend to be more careful and responsible (e.g. “I show up to appointments on time or early”)

A

Conscientiousness

189
Q

Extroversion

A

These people tend to be social and lively (e.g. “I prefer a big party to a quiet time reading a book”)

190
Q

These people tend to be social and lively (e.g. “I prefer a big party to a quiet time reading a book”)

A

Extroversion

191
Q

Agreeableness

A

These people tend to be social and easy to get along with (e.g. “I find it easy to forgive people who have wronged me”)

192
Q

These people tend to be social and easy to get along with (e.g. “I find it easy to forgive people who have wronged me”)

A

Agreeableness

193
Q

Neuroticism

A

These people tend to be tense and moody (e.g. “it takes me a long time to calm down after I get angry”)

194
Q

These people tend to be tense and moody (e.g. “it takes me a long time to calm down after I get angry”)

A

Neuroticism

195
Q

Lexical approach

A

Approach proposing that the most crucial features of personality are embedded in our language

196
Q

Structured personality test

A

Paper-and-pencil test consisting of questions that respondents answer in one of a few fixed ways

197
Q

Paper-and-pencil test consisting of questions that respondents answer in one of a few fixed ways

A

Structured personality test

198
Q

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

A

Widely used structured personality test designed to assess symptoms of mental disorders

199
Q

Widely used structured personality test designed to assess symptoms of mental disorders

A

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

200
Q

Empirical method of test construction

A

Approach to building tests in which researchers begin with two or more criterion groups and examine which items best distinguish them

201
Q

Approach to building tests in which researchers begin with two or more criterion groups and examine which items best distinguish them

A

Empirical method of test construction

202
Q

Face validity

A

extent to which respondents can tell what the items are measuring

203
Q

extent to which respondents can tell what the items are measuring

A

Face validity

204
Q

Rational/theoretical method of test construction

A

approach to building tests that requires test developers to begin with a clear-cut conceptualization of a trait and then write items to assess that conceptualization.

205
Q

approach to building tests that requires test developers to begin with a clear-cut conceptualization of a trait and then write items to assess that conceptualization.

A

Rational/theoretical method of test construction

206
Q

Projective test

A

test consisting of ambiguous stimuli that examinees must interpret or make sense of

207
Q

test consisting of ambiguous stimuli that examinees must interpret or make sense of

A

Projective test

208
Q

Projective hypothesis

A

hypothesis that in the process of interpreting ambiguous stimuli, examinees project aspects of their personality onto the stimulus

209
Q

hypothesis that in the process of interpreting ambiguous stimuli, examinees project aspects of their personality onto the stimulus

A

Projective hypothesis

210
Q

Rorschach inkblot test

A

projective test consisting of ten symmetrical inkblots

211
Q

projective test consisting of ten symmetrical inkblots

A

Rorschach inkblot test

212
Q

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

A

Projective test requiring examinees to tell a story in response to ambiguous pictures

213
Q

Projective test requiring examinees to tell a story in response to ambiguous pictures

A

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

214
Q

Graphology

A

psychological interpretation of handwriting

215
Q

psychological interpretation of handwriting

A

Graphology

216
Q

P.T. Barnum Effect

A

Tendency of people to accept high base rate descriptions (descriptions that apply to almost everyone) as accurate

217
Q

Tendency of people to accept high base rate descriptions (descriptions that apply to almost everyone) as accurate

A

P.T. Barnum Effect

218
Q

common cognitive distortions in adolescence

A

-Imaginary audience
(adolescents see themselves “on stage”)
-Personal fable
(adolescents believe they are so special that others cannot understand them)

219
Q

-Imaginary audience
(adolescents see themselves “on stage”)
-Personal fable (adolescents believe they are so special that others cannot understand them)

A

common cognitive distortions in adolescence

220
Q

Theories of Aging

A
  • Physiological theories
  • Wear-and-Tear theory
  • Homeostatic theory
221
Q
  • Physiological theories
  • Wear-and-Tear theory
  • Homeostatic theory
A

Theories of Aging

222
Q

Physiological theories

A

rely on both hereditary and environmental factors

223
Q

rely on both hereditary and environmental factors

A

Physiological theories

224
Q

Wear-and-Tear theory

A

assumes the body simply wears-out from overuse

225
Q

assumes the body simply wears-out from overuse

A

Wear-and-Tear theory

226
Q

Homeostatic theory

A

assumes the body’s ability to adjust to stress decreases with age

227
Q

assumes the body’s ability to adjust to stress decreases with age

A

Homeostatic theory

228
Q

Levinson’s 4 stages/eras of life

A
  • adolescence
  • early adulthood
  • middle adulthood
  • late adulthood
229
Q
  • adolescence
  • early adulthood
  • middle adulthood
  • late adulthood
A

Levinson’s 4 stages/eras of life

230
Q

Reversible dementias

A

can be caused by malnutrition, alcoholism, and toxins, and usually affect younger people

231
Q

can be caused by malnutrition, alcoholism, and toxins, and usually affect younger people

A

Reversible dementias

232
Q

Multiple infarct dementia

A

usually caused by one or two small strokes, and Alzheimer’s disease are forms of irreversible dementia

233
Q

usually caused by one or two small strokes, and Alzheimer’s disease are forms of irreversible dementia

A

Multiple infarct dementia

234
Q

Thanatology

A

the study of the psychological and medical aspects of death and dying

235
Q

the study of the psychological and medical aspects of death and dying

A

Thanatology

236
Q

Who created the fight-or-flight response theory?

A

Walter Cannon

237
Q

Walter Cannon

A

Who created the fight-or-flight response theory?

238
Q

Who created the tend-and-befriend response theory?

A

Shelley Taylor (the responses specific to women)

239
Q

Shelley Taylor (the responses specific to women)

A

Who created the tend-and-befriend response theory?

240
Q

4 behaviours to promote health

A
  • Stop Smoking!
  • Curb alcohol consumption
  • Achieve a healthy weight
  • Exercising
241
Q
  • Stop Smoking!
  • Curb alcohol consumption
  • Achieve a healthy weight
  • Exercising
A

4 behaviours to promote health

242
Q

Chronic pain

A

(long-lasting and ever-present)

243
Q

(long-lasting and ever-present)

A

Chronic pain

244
Q

Periodic pain

A

(pain that comes and goes)

245
Q

(pain that comes and goes)

A

Periodic pain

246
Q

Progressive pain

A

(ever-present, increases in severity over time)

247
Q

(ever-present, increases in severity over time)

A

Progressive pain

248
Q

What is PACSLAC and who developed it?

A

Pain Assessment Checklist for Seniors with Limited Ability to Communicate; Drs. Shannon Fuchs-Lacelle and Thomas Hadjistavropoulos; an observational tool for assessment of both common and subtle pain behaviors

249
Q

Pain Assessment Checklist for Seniors with Limited Ability to Communicate; Drs. Shannon Fuchs-Lacelle and Thomas Hadjistavropoulos; an observational tool for assessment of both common and subtle pain behaviors

A

What is PACSLAC and who developed it?

250
Q

PACSLAC: 4 Subscales

A
  1. Facial expressions
  2. Activity/body movements
  3. Social/personality/mood
  4. Physiological indicators/eating and sleeping changes/vocal behaviours
251
Q
  1. Facial expressions
  2. Activity/body movements
  3. Social/personality/mood
  4. Physiological indicators/eating and sleeping changes/vocal behaviours
A

PACSLAC: 4 Subscales

252
Q

Consciousness

A

occupies a minor place in the theory and refers to those experiences we are aware of at any given moment

253
Q

occupies a minor place in the theory and refers to those experiences we are aware of at any given moment

A

Consciousness

254
Q

preconscious

A

the level that contains experiences not currently conscious, but which can become so

255
Q

the level that contains experiences not currently conscious, but which can become so

A

preconscious

256
Q

unconscious

A

contains experiences that are beyond the realm of awareness

257
Q

contains experiences that are beyond the realm of awareness

A

unconscious

258
Q

Fixation

A

an excessive attachment to another person or object that was appropriate only at an earlier stage of development

259
Q

an excessive attachment to another person or object that was appropriate only at an earlier stage of development

A

Fixation

260
Q

reaction formation

A

people act in ways opposite of their anxiety-provoking feelings

261
Q

people act in ways opposite of their anxiety-provoking feelings

A

reaction formation

262
Q

creative power

A

the ability to shape our own personality

263
Q

the ability to shape our own personality

A

creative power

264
Q

Jung’s beliefs

A

He believed people are motivated to attain self-realization or perfection

265
Q

Shadow

A

dark side of our personality

266
Q

dark side of our personality

A

Shadow

267
Q

He believed people are motivated to attain self-realization or perfection

A

Jung’s beliefs

268
Q

Anima

A

a man’s feminine side

269
Q

a man’s feminine side

A

Anima

270
Q

Animus

A

A woman’s masculine side

271
Q

A woman’s masculine side

A

Animus

272
Q

Mandala

A

the ultimate simple of self

273
Q

the ultimate simple of self

A

Mandala

274
Q

Gordon Allport’s Personal Disposition Theory

A

each individual has a unique set of personality traits = personal dispositions

275
Q

each individual has a unique set of personality traits = personal dispositions

A

Gordon Allport’s Personal Disposition Theory

276
Q

Cardinal trait

A

a trait so dominant that a person’s entire life revolves around it (Allport)

277
Q

a trait so dominant that a person’s entire life revolves around it (Allport)

A

Cardinal trait

278
Q

Central traits

A

qualities that characterize a person’s daily interactions (Allport)

279
Q

qualities that characterize a person’s daily interactions (Allport)

A

Central traits

280
Q

Secondary traits

A

characteristics that are exhibited in specific situations (Allport)

281
Q

characteristics that are exhibited in specific situations (Allport)

A

Secondary traits

282
Q

Eysenck’s Factor Theory

A

Eysenck argues that all personality traits can be grouped under three bipolar dimensions:
Extraversion-Introversion (E)
Neuroticism-Stability (N)
Psychoticism-Superego Function (P)

283
Q

Eysenck argues that all personality traits can be grouped under three bipolar dimensions:
Extraversion-Introversion (E)
Neuroticism-Stability (N)
Psychoticism-Superego Function (P)

A

Eysenck’s Factor Theory

284
Q

Assessment

A

evaluation of individual differences through tests, interviews, observations, and recording physiological processes

285
Q

evaluation of individual differences through tests, interviews, observations, and recording physiological processes

A

Assessment

286
Q

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

A

test based on Jung’s theory of personality
characterizes the test taker at one pole or another on four distinct dimensions:
> Extroversion-Introversion
>Sensing-Intuition
>Thinking-Feeling,
>Judging-Perceptive

287
Q

test based on Jung’s theory of personality
characterizes the test taker at one pole or another on four distinct dimensions:
> Extroversion-Introversion
>Sensing-Intuition
>Thinking-Feeling,
>Judging-Perceptive

A

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

288
Q

Sixteen Personality Factor Test (16PF)

A

developed by Cattell; in a score on 16 factors, originally uncovered using factor analysis

289
Q

developed by Cattell; in a score on 16 factors, originally uncovered using factor analysis

A

Sixteen Personality Factor Test (16PF)

290
Q

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (1993)

A

measures three broad factors called types:

  • Extraversion
  • Neuroticism
  • Psychoticism
291
Q

measures three broad factors called types:

  • Extraversion
  • Neuroticism
  • Psychoticism
A

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (1993)

292
Q

Revised NEO-Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R; Costa and McCrae)

A

yields measures on the five factors proposed by the theory, and six traits related to each of the factors

293
Q

yields measures on the five factors proposed by the theory, and six traits related to each of the factors

A

Revised NEO-Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R; Costa and McCrae)

294
Q

Most widely used personality test:

A

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2nd Edition (MMPI-2)

295
Q

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2nd Edition (MMPI-2)

A

Most widely used personality test:

Psych 101 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions