Midterm 2 Flashcards
(35 cards)
What is Syntax?
Study focusing on the ordering and structure of words in a language
What are constituents?
Grouping of words in a sentence that belong together as a unit
What are some constituent tests?
You may form a question (constituent answers) or substitute pronoun, or possible movement in sentence
What are hierarchical tree diagrams as they relate to constituents and sentences?
There is a hierarchy for constituents (they can form and continue to build into larger constituents
Tree diagrams help us parse sentences
How do constituency trees help in parsing?
It allows us to see the type of phrase used and see the relationship between groups of words to better understand the meaning
What is structural ambiguity?
Ambiguity (more than one meaning) due to the structure of the sentence
What is lexical ambiguity?
Ambiguity surrounding a single word rather than the sentence
What is parsing?
The assignment of structure or meaning
What are embedded sentences?
Clause that can be inserted into a sentence that gives more information. Relates the property of recursion in that you can insert units continuously
What is semantics?
The study of meaning
What does coreferential mean?
Many words that share a reference (meaning)
What is feature-based semantics?
The idea that we can classify words’ meanings by their features (animate, four-legged, etc.)
What is imagistic semantics?
Hearing a word and then seeing the picture
What is the neurological semantics?
The neuroscience and pathways related to a concept
What is compositional semantics?
The building up of phrases and sentences with smaller units that also have meaningful parts
What are tautologies?
An analytic truth (dog is an animal
Opposite contradiction?
What is polysemy?
A single word with many different meanings (example: like)
What is a homonym?
Words with the same pronunciation or spelling by different meanings
What is hyponymy?
Word that is more specific in a general term (spoon to cutlery)
What is phonetics?
Study of the physical form of language (sound usually)
What is place of articulation?
Where the majority of the sound is produced in the body
Where the air is constricted
What is the manner of articulation?
The configuration of the sound producers when making a sound
How the air is constricted
How are vowel sounds represented?
Based more on the height, backness, and tenseness as well as rounding
General information on consonants
Rely more on constriction of air, place and manner, and voicing
