Midterm 3 Flashcards
(32 cards)
Assimilation
Process of sounds becoming more like neighboring sounds
Allows for ease of articulation
Palatalization
An example of assimilation
Consonants becoming like neighboring palatals
“did you” sounding like “didju”
Dissimilation
Segments become less like neighbors, makes syllables easier to pronounce
Epenthesis
Insertion/addition of a consonant or vowel
“church” into “churches”
Segment deletion
In english, we tend to delete unstressed vowels
“tests” pronounced like “tess”
Metathesis
Restructuring of words (similar to dyslexia)
Phonemes
distinct sound represented by a letter
Allopohones
Variation of phonemes
Minimal pairs
Words that are similar, differing only in a phoneme
ex. boat, but, bought
Complementary distribution
Elements cannon be found in same environment (mutually exclusive)
Contractive distribution
Both elements can be found in the same environment
Critical Period hypothesis
Idea that there are certain points that are critical for language acquisition
Development Language milesones
asdf
Holophastic speech
Single words representing whole sentences, common from one to two years old
Telegraphic speech
Longer sentences but there is a lack of gramatical or functional morphemes
Overextension
Children using a word broadly
Underextension
Children using a word too specificallly
Overregularization
Incorrect grammar rules where inappropriate
“feed-ed”
Child-directed speech/motherese
Speaking simply to children
Shown to have no effect on language acquisition
Imitation
Not feasible as children still seem to adhere to their developing grammar
Reinforcement
Studies show that parents seldom correct grammar
Analogy
Hearing sentences and then using it as a model
Not feasible as children do not know when and when not to use a model sentence
Speech discrimination
6 month old can discriminate foreign linguistics that adults cannon, but lose this ability come 10 months
Left hemisphere
Language and speech and reading
