Midterm 2 Readings

Question 1

Who is Tina Fontaine and what happened to her?

Answer 1

-Indigenous girl
-murdered
-MMIWG

Question 2

Define mission creep

Answer 2

-organizations take on extra duties

Question 3

Define front-line officers

Answer 3

-occupy front-line positions
-no executive authority

Question 4

Define stand-alone police services

Answer 4

-small and not part of larger organization

Question 5

Define the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary

Answer 5

-1729
-police force claims to be Canada’s oldest

Question 6

Define over-policed

Answer 6

-members of social group are over-policed

Question 7

Define political interference

Answer 7

-inappropriate use of political authority to influence police

Question 8

According to Marquis, what did Peel introduce?

Answer 8

-centralized command, beat system, crime prevention and uniform
-father of modern policing

Question 9

Define the Royal Irish Constabulary

Answer 9

-police force emphasized mounted patrols and early model for police

Question 10

When did the NWMP become the RCMP?

Answer 10

-1920
-RNWMP in 1904

Question 11

Why were the NWMP created?

Answer 11

-temporary force for the Red Rebellion and Cypress Hills Massacre

Question 12

What is patchwork policing?

Answer 12

-little consistency in policing

Question 13

Define cronyism

Answer 13

-friends of authority people appointed jobs without regards to their qualifications

Question 14

Define nepotism

Answer 14

-preferential hiring to family members

Question 15

What was introduced to reduce cronyism and nepotism?

Answer 15

-civil service rules

Question 16

Define street justice

Answer 16

-suspected offender does unauthorized physical punishment (like push-ups) to not get speeding ticket

Question 17

Define lip service

Answer 17

-more time spent talking about something than actually implementing approach

Question 18

Who is the largest police service in Canada?

Answer 18

-RCMP

Question 19

Define police strength

Answer 19

-ratio of police to civilians

Question 20

What are the national Academics of Sciences four proactive approaches to crime?

Answer 20

1. Focusing on hot spots
2. Problem-oriented
3. Targeting individuals with high crime rate
4. Using community strengths

Question 21

Define random preventative patrol

Answer 21

-visible police presence in community

Question 22

Define carding

Answer 22

-controversial practice where people stopped at random and questioned

Question 23

Define street checks

Answer 23

-individuals who’re suspicious questioned by police

Question 24

What is a cornerstone of modern policing?

Answer 24

-discretion

Question 25

Define order maintenance

Answer 25

-managing minor offences
-anything that disturbs public

Question 26

Define public order policing

Answer 26

-using police during mass demonstrations to balance rights of individual and government

Question 27

According to the Ontario’s Police Services Act what are the six main functions for police agencies?

Answer 27

1. Crime prevention
2. Law Enforcement
3. Maintaining the public peace
4. Emergency response
5. Assistance to victims
6. Any others

Question 28

Why are Peel’s principles of policing still relevant today?

Answer 28

-they outline the ideal community-police relationship

Question 29

What was consolidation?

Answer 29

-small police agencies were joined together to form a larger agency
-result of regionalization

Question 30

Define police subculture

Answer 30

-informal rules and expectations for police

Question 31

According to Cordner, what are the three main operational police roles?

Answer 31

1. Operations
2. Administration
3. Aux Services

Question 32

Define sworn officers

Answer 32

-legal authority to arrest and use force

Question 33

What are the operational activities Cordner discusses?

Answer 33

-patrol
-traffic
-criminal investigations
-drug suppression
-organized crime
-specialized operations
-crime prevention
-youth services
-community policing

Question 34

What is considered the backbone of policing?

Answer 34

-patrol

Question 35

What does research in Canada reveal about traffic officers?

Answer 35

-they save lives and reduce serious collisions

Question 36

What percentage are detectives?

Answer 36

-10-15%

Question 37

Define executive protection

Answer 37

-protection provided by police to the Prime Minister and other political officials

Question 38

What were Wilsons three most important research findings?

Answer 38

Police departments should balance three functions:
-law enforcement (legalistic)
-order maintenance (watchman)
-providing needed services (service)

Question 39

What is legalistic style?

Answer 39

-professionalism and formal relationships with public
-strict enforcement of law
-high arrest rates and traffic tickets
-less discretion
-bureaucratic

Question 40

What is watchman style?

Answer 40

-reducing antisocial behaviour
-more involved with community than legalistic
-effects of wrongdoing, not so much wrongdoers
-less formal
-more discretion
-few arrests for minor infractions

Question 41

What is service style?

Answer 41

-public satisfaction
-responsive to community needs
-close to ideal of community policing

Question 42

What were the top 5 allegations against the RCMP?

Answer 42

1. Neglect of duty
2. Improper attitude
3. Improper use of force
4. Irregularity in procedure
5. Improper arrest

Question 43

Define civilianization

Answer 43

-employment of civilians in police

Question 44

What did the study by Murphy and McKenna reveal about the factors that form a police subculture?

Answer 44

-solidarity
-authoritarianism
-suspicion
-conservative outlook
-prejudicial attitudes