Midterm 2 Section 2 Flashcards
eating disorder stats
4.4% of population 5-17 years old
70% of women dislike their bodies, 43% of men
disordered eating definition
general term for abnormal or atypical eating behaviors associated with efforts to control weight
warning signs: severe self-critique, depressed or anxious, belief that only worthwhile when thin, preoccupied with weight, shape and dieting, loss of control
high risk groups
teenagers, university students, athletes
eating disorders that must be diagnosed by a psychiatrist
Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, other specified feeding/eating disorder, unspecified feeding/eating disorder
Anorexia nervosa stats and description
strong genetic components, can be long term
.9% of women, .3% of men lifetime risk
distorted body image and excessive dieting with weight loss and pathological fear of becoming fat despite being underweight (BMI < 17 for 3 months or longer to be diagnosed))
types: restricting and binge eating/purging
Anorexia nervosa common feelings or traits
treatment
powerlessness, high expectations, type A, black and white thinking, fear of age/sexuality/independence, unusual eating behaviors, fear of getting older
priority is stopping weight loss
multidisciplinary treatment plan
Protein Energy Malnutrition
low macro intake, starvation from anorexia nervosa
symptoms: feeling cold, amenorrhea in women, osteoporosis, growth/development falters, lethargy, confusion, delirium, death
Bulimia Nervosa stats and description
1.5% of women and .5% of men
over concern with body weight and shape, binge eating followed by using compensatory behaviors to avoid weight gain, feeling lack of control over binges, at least once per week for 3 months
normal BMI
compensatory behaviors include: self induced vomiting, emetics, laxatives/diuretics, strict dieting/fasting, diet pills, excessive exercise
Bulimia nervosa dangers
subclinical malnutrition
dehydration from electrolyte imbalances, problems with GI, teeth, heart, death
comorbidities: depression and substance abuse
Bulimia nervosa common feelings or traits
treatment
binge eating in secret, guilt/shame/obsessive thoughts of food and weight, giving excuses to leave table after a meal, signs of compensatory behavior
family influence - controlling yet emotionally uninvolved
treatment - structured eating, learn to avoid restrictive dieting
binge eating disorder definition
related to bulimia without purging
recurring (1x per week over 3 months) episodes of eating more than normal in short period of time
feeling out of control, hiding, feelings of guilt, embarrassment/disgust, associated with distress
bing eating disorder warning signs
yoyo dieting, weight fluctuations, evidence of secretive eating
orthorexia definition
compulsive checking of ingredient lists, cutting increased number of food groups, obsessed with eating “clean”, spends hours per day thinking of what food might be served, distressed when approved foods not available
type of other specified eating disorder
might not present with underweight, binging or purging
body image concerns may or may not be related
muscle dysmorphia
see one’s own musculature differently than it is (different from body dysmorphia)
risk factors for ED with athletes
aesthetic sports
food deprivation/dehydration practices
impaired performance
muscle dysmorphia
overuse of diets/supplements
obsessive behaviors
orthorexia nervosa
steroids
aesthetic sports: bodybuilding, gymnastics, ice skating, wrestling, rowing, horse racing
myth busting “making weight”
re-establishing fluid and electrolytes takes 1-2 days
replenishing glycogen stores 2-3 days
replacing lean tissue takes longer
female athlete triad
eating disorder (restrictive dieting, overexercising, weight loss, lack of body fat) leads to amenorrhea (diminished hormones) and then osteoporosis (loss of calcium from bones)
old model for athletic eating disorders
RED-S
olympic committee assessment tool
relative energy deficiency in sport
athletes eat too little food and are unable to meet energy needs
associated with: reduced endurance and muscle strength, reduced concentration and coordination, increased injury risk, impacts on mental and physical health
new name associates condition for men too and more complications beyond female athlete triad
RED-S CAT: relative energy deficiency in sport clinical assessment tool
side effects of RED-S
altered hormones, anemia, bone loss, poor growth, menstrual dysfunction, decreased concentration, depression, impaired judgement, irritability, decreased coordination and training response
Diabulemia
people with type I diabetes will skip insulin to lose weight
very risky (high blood sugar), damage blood vessels, increase use of protein and fat for energy
Drunkorexia
alcohol anorexia
heavy drinking combined with restricting, purging and/or binging
compulsive exercise
type of eating disorder
exercise interferes with important things or leads to injury and continues despite injury
CBT is most effective for
binge eating disorder and other specified eating disorders
prevention of ED
avoid labeling food good/bad/junk
intuitive eating
criticize culture of dieting, not ourselves
don’t make fun of size/weight
self-esteem based on other things besides physical appearance
health at every size
manage stress
family meals
