Midterm Flashcards

Question

Oxycontin (Release)

Answer 1

Extremely long sustained release Step 1: Small oral dose comes down Step 2: long casing pushes drug through slowly (some crush and snort - get all at once)

Answer 2

Long acting partial Mu Opioid agonist - Kappa Opioid antagonist - Reaches a ceiling, where increase in dose will quell heroine/oxy urges, but will not get you any higher

Answer 3

LD50/ED50 Low TI is dangerous

Answer 4

Mu Kappa Delta

Answer 5

Endorphine Dynorphin (saliva) Enkephalin

Answer 6

5-HT - Used as antidepressants (SSRI) to create more 5HT in synapse - Given for other disorders to in order to control impulses

Answer 7

Fight or Flight | NSRI antidepressants

Answer 8

ACH - Altheimers patients - Improved cognition, memory

Answer 9

Inhibit an enzyme from removing neurotransmitters MAOI (monoamine oxidase inhibition) antidepressant - Prevent Monoamine Oxidase from removing dopamine, norepinephrine, and seratonin from the brain - Boosts endogenous neurotransmitters

Answer 10

Drug that induces the leaking of neurotransmitters from the pre-synaptic neuron into the synapse

Answer 11

Drugs that your body converts L-Dopa --> dopamine

Answer 12

Bind directly to post-synaptic receptor to mimic effect of the endogenous neurotransmitter

Answer 13

Blocks reuptake site so NT stays in synapse 300X longer SSRI is most widely prescribed drug

Answer 14

Narcotic antagonist (rescue from overdose EMT's carry it)

Answer 15

1) Antagonist 2) Direct Agonist 3) Reuptake inhibitor 4) enzyme inhibitor 5) precursor 6) releaser

Answer 16

Dose X effect Dose - 1, 3, 10, 30, 100 1, 10, 100

Answer 17

Excreted before entering blood (unless target is GI tract)

Answer 18

Full direct Mu opioid agonist - Extremely long half-life makes it relatively safe for addicts to taper

Answer 19

Buprenorphine (partial agonist) + Naloxone (mu antagonist) Naloxone prevents abuse of Buprenorphine and removes other opioids from system

Answer 20

Any chemical that has a physiological affect when ingested or absorbed (no food or nutrients)

Answer 21

Language that you use to discuss scientific subjects

Answer 22

Therapeutic effect | …antidepressant…analgesic

Answer 23

Study of what the drugs change in you physiologically | …NSAID and SSRI are examples

Answer 24

Furthest left = most potent

Answer 25

Highest on dose effect curve

Answer 26

1) Absorption 2) Distribution 3) Metabolism 4) Excretion

Answer 27

Subcutaneous - under skin Intramuscular - into muscle Intraperitoneum - space around stomach organs IV - intravenous

Answer 28

Inhibitory NT, decreases ATP - produces IPSP (intra-pre-synaptic potential) - Causes chloride ions to rush in

Answer 29

``` Alcohol Benzo's (anxiolytic) sedative-hypnotic (ambien pre-anesthetics (valium) Barbituates etc…... ```

Answer 30

Excitatory NT, opposite of GABA - EPSP - Can cause Action potentials - Allows sodium channels to rush in

Answer 31

PCP | Ketamine

Answer 32

``` Parkinsons Schizo Amphetamine addiction ADD treatment Glutamate modulators ```

Answer 33

1/3 of the time

Answer 34

1st depletes in hippocampus | then neocortex

Answer 35

x axis = dose | y axis = effect

Answer 36

``` Haldol - Dopamine Mian - Serotonin Scopolamine - ACH Caffeine - Adenosine Flumazenil - GABA ```

Answer 37

X axis = time | y axis = blood concentration of drug

Answer 38

Gathering samples from cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 39

Window between minimal Clinical benefit and minimum dose for side-effects (horizontal lines)

Answer 40

100 million brain cells that need to communicate

Answer 41

``` Cell body (Soma) with dendrite arms - synaptic vesicles contain neurotransmitters ```

Answer 42

Oxycodone + acetaminophen

Answer 43

Oxycodone + aspirin

Answer 44

Just oxycodone

Answer 45

Rapid detox with a mu antagonist | - anasteshia then Narcan

Answer 46

Environmental - Not enough dopamine in basal ganglia 1/40 get it

Answer 47

X axis = dose y axis = beam breaks Cocaine induces locomotor activity

Answer 48

Reward center for sex, pleasure, drugs

Answer 49

Pre-synaptic side of ventral striatum PD medicine affects DA post-synaptically in dorsal striatum

Answer 50

Hydroxydopamine -Neurotoxic chemical that destroys dopaminergic and noradrenergic pathways

Answer 51

From midbrain to dorsal striatum to cause a release of dopamine from the striatum

Answer 52

L-Dopa + Carbidopa PD drug

Answer 53

Precursor to dopamine

Answer 54

Enzyme Inhibitor - helps L-dopa pass BBB instead of being converted to dopamine in the blood

Answer 55

``` Genese and environment Stress Accessibility Antisocial behavior in caregiver Violent behavior of your caregiver is most common ```

Answer 56

Vivid dreams | involuntary movements

Answer 57

- Resting tremor | - Stiffness

Answer 58

MPTP --> converts to MPP+ (herbicide)

Answer 59

80% must be destroyed for onset of PD

Answer 60

MAOI can prevent further breakdown of substantia nigra ex. Paragyline

Answer 61

Herbicide they sprayed on Marijuana that can cause PD (and coughing blood) Oil companies sprinkled MPP+ on veggies

Answer 62

Spinal Fluid injection Enjection straight into the brain

Answer 63

Time it takes for half of the drug dose to be eliminated by the body

Answer 64

Onset and Duration

Answer 65

Morphine | Codeine (both found as alkaloids in opium

Answer 66

Purely Syntthetic Opioid Analgesic Most potent (10x more than morphine) aka china white

Answer 67

Cough Syrup | - blocks glutamate receptors

Answer 68

Heroine wins because more lipophyllic so it crosses BBB Enzymes make heroine --> morphine in brain

Answer 69

Mu Opioid receptor antagonist (shifts graph to the right)

Answer 70

Respiratory depression addiction nausea constipation

Answer 71

Analgesic Anesthetic (make you stop breathing - bad) Anti-diarrheal Cough Suppresant

Answer 72

prescription painkillers

Answer 73