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midterm Flashcards

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0
Q

Hygiene

A

science of preserving andpromoting health

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1
Q

what is public health

A

is a series of individuals,communities, activities and programs working to:
PROMOTE health
PREVENT disease, injury and prematuredeath
ENSURE conditions in which we all can be safe and healthy

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2
Q

Social hygiene

A

is a phrase used to describethe hygiene and prevention of disease in
groups**

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3
Q

Sanitation

A

Control of environmental risks to health

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4
Q

Prevalence

A

The number of EXISTING CASES** of adisease in a population at a given time

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5
Q

Incidence

A

The number of NEW CASES of a disease within a specified population duringa given time period

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6
Q

Acute diseases

A

Those that last 3 months or less

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7
Q

Chronic diseases

A

Those that last 3 months or longer

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8
Q

Endemic diseases

A

A disease that is constantly present in the community or population

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9
Q

Sporadic diseases

A

Only a few scattered cases*** within an area or population or population

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10
Q

Epidemic diseases

A

large number of cases that are out of proportion to what is normally expected

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11
Q

Pandemic diseases

A

An epidemic that occurs on more than one continent

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12
Q

Morbidity

A

Illness; a diseased condition or state

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13
Q

Mortality

A

The number of people who have died from a disease or condition

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14
Q

Life span

A

The limit of natural life

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15
Q

Life expectancy

A

The average length of life a person or groupis likely to live

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16
Q

Triad of Health

A

the 3 things are host, agent, environment.
(When these 3 are in normal balance health results
When out of balance, disease )

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17
Q

what is the goal of public health

A

to prevent

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18
Q

3 core functions

A

assessment
policy development
assurance

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19
Q

primary care

A

office based setting

More general

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20
Q

secondary care

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A

Hospital setting-based for at least a portion of the day

more specialized, intensive and costly

21
Q

Tertiary Care

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A

hospital setting-based

Uses more advanced techniques, technology,equipment, personnel, etc.

22
Q

Primary Prevention

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A

Prevention of the occurrence or the incidence of illness or injury.
Prevented by risk reduction insusceptible populations

23
Q

Secondary Prevention

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A

Prevention of disease or injury progression(prevention of severity or prevalence of disease or injury)
reduce the extent of the burden

24
Tertiary Prevention
Prevention of permanent disability or death due to illness or injury ongoing care and rehabilitation Treatment of complications and restoration of disfunction
25
Risk Factors
Those exposures or causal agents that make one more likely to suffer a disease or health problem
26
Web of Causation
Most chronic diseases are caused bymultiple factors | ch1 slide 40
27
What is the definition of HP 2020
cornerstone of evidence-based prevention and health promotion activities inthe US
28
What agency is responsible HP 2020
Department of Healthand Human Services
29
How many leading health indicators,focus areas for Healthy People 2010/2020 (exact numbers)
12 Leading HealthIndicators | 42 focus areas
30
A Wellness Model Of Practice
1 Adjusting 2 Screening for risk factors, including tobaccouse, physical inactivity, and obesity 3 Health behavior counseling to promotehealth and prevent disease and injury
31
Characteristics of Motivational Interviewing
``` 1 Guiding more than directing 2 Dancing rather than wrestling 3 Listening as much as telling 4 Collaborative 5 Evokes from people what they already have 6 Honoring of person’s autonomy ```
32
Motivational Interviewing
“…a patient-centered, directive counseling style that aims to help people explore and resolve their ambivalenceabout behavior change.”
33
Ambivalence
A state of mind in whicha person has coexisting but conflicting feelings about something (Wanting to changebut not wanting to change)
34
MI: Fundamental Guidelines
1 Resist the righting reflex 2 Understand motivation 3 Listen 4 Empower
35
what is oars
* Open-ended questions * Affirm * Reflective listening * Summarize
36
4 types of change talk
1 Intention to change 2 Disadvantages/advantages of the status quo 3 Advantages/disadvantages of change 4 Optimism about capacity to change
37
SMART goals
``` Specific • Measurable • Attainable • Realistic • Timeframe ```
38
Top 3 chronic diseases
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) Cancer Diabetes
39
heart disease What is included in the definition
includes coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension (HTN), heart attack, and stroke
40
how many people have heart disease in the US
1/3 adults
41
what is the life time risk for each gender to get heart disease
2/3 of males | 1/2 of females
42
Estimated lifetime risk of developing diabetes in the US
* 32.8% for males | * 38.5% for females
43
Decreasing Risk Factors for Diabetes
Increase physical activity Maintain a healthyweight Eat a low-fat, non-processed diet non-smoking
44
Incidence has increased in breast cancer
• 1 in 20 (1940) to 1 in 8 (2005 )
45
60% of women with breast cancerhave no known risk factors
yep
46
Breast Cancer | Decreasing Risk Factors
Minimize use of oral contraceptives Minimize use of hormone replacement therapy Have children early in life Breastfeed
47
Incidence of type 2 diabetes
has doubledin the middle aged in the past 30 years
48
1 in 3 men aged <50
have histological | evidence of prostatecancer
49
7 - 9 out of 10 men aged <80 who died from any cause had
undiagnosed prostate cancer
50
Prostate Cancer | Decreasing Risk Factors
``` Eat a low-fat diet, variety of fruits and vegetablesReduce supplementation of calcium Maintain a healthy weight Exercise Drink green tea Control prostate infection/inflammation ```

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