Midterm Flashcards by Samuel Croft

branch of mechanics that deals
with the equilibrium of bodies at rest or in
motion with zero acceleration

Statics

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the
developer of the
basic and compensatory distortion model
of the spine in chiropractic

Dr. Willard Carver

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the most vulnerable area for subluxation?

Occ.
C1-C2, C4, C7-71, T7-T8, T12, L3, and
Lumbosacral articulation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

branch of mechanics that
studies
with the relationship between the forces acting on a body
and the changes they produce in the motion of the body.

Kinetics

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Nerve and nerve root compression/traction/torsion is also known as?

Compressive Neuropathy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pressure on a nerve direct or

indirect is known as?

neurothlipsis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A subluxation to C1 could distort what ligament?

dentate lig

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

felt by researchers such as Irvin Korr, that the highly-
innervated
tissues around spinal joints,
including
proprioceptors
, may become irritated,
leading to reflex modifications in postural muscle
tonus and neural integration of postural activities

Somatosomatic reflex hypothesis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

somatic afferent
bombardment of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord,
leading to the “facilitated” cord segment, with
resultant somatic effects is known as?

proprioceptive insult

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Who said “Chiropractors don’t take pressure
off nerves- they put pressure on
mechanoreceptors.

Dr. F Carrick

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

proposed the idea of nociceptive facilitation?

Seaman

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

refers to comatic dysafferentation which is describes as an imbalance of afferent input. Specifically nociceptor input is increased and mechanoreceptor input is decreased

Seaman

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

somatic afferent bombardment due to the
VSC can cause reflexive facilitation of the lateral
horn cells of spinal cord segments; this can lead
to visceral dysfunction through unremitting
abnormally high sympathetic nerve activity

Somatoautomnomic reflex hypothesis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

visceral afferent bombardment from body organs
can cause typical referred pain patterns, and can
conceivably cause or predispose spinal levels to
VSC through internuncial connections on
anterior horn cells

Viscerosomatic reflex hypothesis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

neural dysfunction as a result of VSC is stressful
to the body and lowers tissue resistance,
modifying specific and nonspecific immune
responses

Neurodystrophic hypothesis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the first phase of the model for phases of VSC?

Segmental dysfunction kinesiopathology

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the second phase of the model for phases of VSC?

Instability

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the third phase of the model for phases of VSC?

Stabilization

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which phase of the three phase model is trauma involved?

phase 1

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which phase of the 3-phase is known as “true” subluxation?

Instability

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which phase in the 3-phase model has significant DJD and ankylosis?

phase 3 (stabilization)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the three major subluxation theories?

IVF Encroachment
Altered Sensory Input (dysafferentation)
Spinal Cord distortion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How do chiropractors evaluate
individuals clinically to determine the
appropriateness of chiropractic care?

Biomechanical evaluation
Neurologic evaluation
Trophic assessment
Psychosocial assessment

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Static asymmetry and dynamic asymmetry is part of what evaluation that determines the appropriateness of chiropractic care?

Biomechanical evaluation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

imaging procedures is part of what evaluation/assessment?

Biomechanical evaluation

pain, palpatory tenderness, altered muscle tone, vasomotor findings and sudomotor findings are all part of what area of evaluation/ assessment?

Neurologic evaluation

althered tissue texture, edema, metabolic disturbances, nutritional imbalances are all part of what evaluation/assessment?

trophic assessment

mental attitude/outlook, social interactions, lifestyle habits, stress are all part of what evaluation/assessment?

psychosocial assessment

abnormal motion; fixation, hypermobility is part of what model of subluxation?

biomechancial

neurologic irritation and aberrant reflexes are part of what model of subluxation?

neurological models

axoplasmic flow mechanism lymphatic stasis and CSF flow dynamics are part of what model of subluxation?

Trophic Models

mental/emotional state influence on | structure

psychogenic concepts

structural | influence on mental/emotional states

Somatopsychic concepts

What are the three clincial approaches in chiropractic?

segmental postural tonal

``` “Mr. Smith, your second cervical vertebra is subluxated.” is an example of what clinical approach to subluxation ```

segmental

Ms. Jones, your spine is subluxated.” is an example of what clinical approach to subluxation

postural

Dr.Chiro, I need to get | adjusted; I’m subluxated.” is an example of what clinical approach to subluxation

Tonal

Is there one definition of a subluxation?

What two ways can we define subluxation?

``` conceptual (“philosophical”) and operational (“scientific”) ```

philosophically, vertebral subluxation is a __________

metaphor

Scientifically, vertebral subluxation is a ____________

phenomenon

operational definitions are mainly ______________, not conceptual

phenomenological

The best conceptual definitions are those that are general enough to not conflict with any specific ________ definition

operational

Virtually all definitions of | subluxation that have been or are used are ___________

conceptual

What does MOPI stand for

Misalignment Occlusion Pressure Interference

``` A __________________is a subluxation of any weight bearing spinal articulation that compromises neural integrity and may influence organ system function and general health. ```

vertebral subluxation

The idea that a subluxation progresses in phases defines the subluxation as a _______

process

What are the two component models of subluxation?

Tissue/system components, functional/ conceptual components

What are the five components of the VSC?

1. Kinesiopathology 2. Myopathology 3. Histopathology 4. Neuropathophysiology 5. Pathophysiology/ Biochemical changes

A restriction of your ability to turn and bend would be what component of the VSC?

Kinesiopathology

``` Changes in blood or lymph flow can result in swelling and inflammation Discs can bulge, herniate, tear, or degenerate. Other soft tissues such as ligaments may be permanently damaged. ```

Histopathology

``` Improper spinal function can compress, stretch, or irritate delicate nerve tissue , including the spinal nerves or spinal cord . The resulting nerve dysfunction can cause symptoms elsewhere in the body. ```

Neuropatholphysiology

``` Bone spurs and other abnormal bony growths attempt to fuse malfunctioning spinal joints. This spinal decay, scar tissue and long - term nerve dysfunction can cause other body systems to be adversely affected. ```

Pathophysiology

What are the 2-Component Model (Amalu & Tiscareno):

1. Segmental aberrant spinal arthrokinematics 2. Neuropathophysiology

Who porposed the 3-component model?

Kent

What are the three D's of the 3-component model?

1. Dyskinesia 2. Dysponesis 3. Dysautonomia

disrupted communication between the CNS and the body is known as?

Dysponesis

awareness of the environment through physical sensation.

Perception

What occurs when the nervous system doesn't work normally?

dysponesis

The different combinations of communications between somatic and visceral is known as?

The Reflex model

The somato-somatic model is also known as?

somator-motor

the somato-visceral model is also known as?

somato-visceral

the viscero-somatic model is also known as?

viscero-motor

_______ can result in a positive feedback cycle?

Facilitation

diminished proprioceptive impulses primarily from __________

mechanoreceptors

What are two symptoms that occur when the CNS is deprived of information?

ataxia and dizziness

in somatic dysafferentation there is ________ nociception and/or _________ mechanoreception

increased; decreased

what reflex model can be described as a "bad habit"

somato-somatic

in the somato-somatic model a loss of spinal motion can cause _________ perception of pain; consequently, improved spinal motion can help _______ pain.

increased; relieve

increased sympthetic stimulation of target tissues and organs can result can be termed __________

sympatheticotonia

Midterm Flashcards

(70 cards)