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Medical Sociology > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Patient

A

Deviant

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2
Q

Physician

A

Social Control Agent

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3
Q

Disease

A

diagnosis (dx)

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4
Q

Illness

A

social experience

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5
Q

Macroperspective

A

thinking about the big picture… whole world

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6
Q

Tetiary care

A

most expensive
24/7 care
people are already sick
EX: ER

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7
Q

Secondary prevention

A

at risk populations

preventive care

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8
Q

Primary prevention

A

whole country
public health
cheapest
EX: water, sewage

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9
Q

Germ Theory of Disease

A

many diseases are caused by the presence and actions of specific microorganisms
treat with antibiotics and vitamins
Focus more on disease than person
ability to diagnose and “magic bullets”

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10
Q

Morbidity

A

symptoms of illness and impairment

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11
Q

Mortality

A

amount of death

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12
Q

Chronic

A

not curable

EX: cancer

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13
Q

Power

A

ability to give others to do as one wants
not always bad
Who should have power?
What are the consequences when power is unequal, abusive?

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14
Q

Sociology IN medicine

A

Questions that doctors find useful to better understand patients, so, patients are more compliant
Focus on patient behavior

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15
Q

Sociology OF medicine

A

Challenges medical views of world and existing power relationships within health care systems
Focus on social groups and institutions

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16
Q

Epidemiology

A

comes from epidemics… disease

distribution of disease within a population according to social factors rather than biological factors/genetics

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17
Q

Incidents

A

new cases of disease

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18
Q

Prevalence

A

total number of cases at a specific time

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19
Q

Epidemiological Transition

A

process by which the pattern of mortality and disease is transformed from one of high mortality among infants and children and episodic famine and epidemic affecting all age groups to one of degenerative and man-made diseases (such as those attributed to smoking) affecting principally the elderly

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20
Q

Epidemics

A

first appearance of new disease

EX: ebola virus

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21
Q

Endemics

A

diseases that establish themselves within a population and have a stable presence over time
EX: cancer

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22
Q

Pandemics

A

worldwide epidemic

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23
Q

Whole Person Health

A

1) physiological EX: xrays, mri
2) psychological EX: hippocrates
3) social EX: lose job, health insurance denials, divorce

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24
Q

Individual oriented medicine

A

patient going to see doctor

sociology in medicine

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25
population/public oriented medicine
vaccinations, sanitation
26
Main Killers
chronic diseases
27
Why have mortality rates slowed?
no cured cancer no cured alztimers rise of chronic diseases antibiotics/medicine to cure acute diseases
28
What do solutions create?
Solutions will always create a whole new set of problems
29
Sedimentary Lifestyle
unhealthy lifestyle | also known as a couch potatoe
30
Man-made diseases
tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, heroin, cocaine, obesity, sedimentary lifestyle, automobiles, firearms, sexual behavior, medical errors, toxic agents, superbugs
31
Tobacco
``` 18% deaths in Chicago first hand and second hand smoking more addictive than heroin successful campaign at primary and secondary levels due to government involvement women - harder to stop ```
32
Alcohol
4% deaths | prohibition, dry cities, etc.
33
Marijuana
risk factors for heart disease and heart attacks | Should "high" people drive?
34
Heroin, cocaine, etc.
1% deaths
35
Obesity
17% deaths in US drive thrus via cars sedimentary lifestyle diabetes, stroke, cancer, cardiovascular = killers
36
Sedimentary Lifestyle
more of a problem than actual obesity | an actual killer
37
Firearms
1% deaths via homicides, accidental, law enforcement caused, suicide US have higher rates than all other industrialized countries
38
Sexual behavior
1% deaths cervical cancer, HIV, AIDs, Hepatitis unprotected sex encouraged via entertainment
39
Automobiles
2% deaths drug use, design of cars, lack of transportation system US die more than Europeans due to US drive more
40
Medical errors
``` 13% deaths in US surgery on wrong person or wrong part prescription problems misdiagnosis infections in hospitals - antibiotic resistant more is NOT better IL Report Card not being vaccinated too many antibiotics... antibiotic resistant ```
41
Toxic Agents
2% deaths environmental/occupational hazards/pollutants child exposure in neighborhoods and schools global warming
42
Social Drift Theory
1) disease cause poverty | 2) poverty causes disease
43
Materialistic Theory
Question: Who has power? Can their power explore cities? Women have no power in many countries US has power and influence but also freedom restrictions
44
Pre-Scientific Explanations
deviants are at fault for getting sick immoral behavior 1) Personality Theory 2) Naturalistic Theory
45
Personality Theory
pre-scientific explanation | there are supernatural forces label disease as immoral behavior, so, being sick is part of punishment
46
Naturalistic Theory
pre-scientific explanation there are natural forces that are upsetting equilibrium of body... ability to fight off disease not washing hands, smoking, unprotected sex, etc.
47
Scientific Explanations
biological forces combined with personal | unhealthy
48
Modern Explanations
immoral and unhealthy society is responsible for creating disease manufactured and man-made diseases EX: cities, bad transportation, etc.
49
Biomedical Approach
objective scientific evidence/data EX: xrays, blood tests, etc. dx (diagnose) - gives power to certain people to have right to diagnose and treat evidence based treatment
50
Psychological Approach
subjective evaluation of one's own health 1) ability to be involved in pleasurable activities 2) long term satisfaction 3) absence of negative affect (depression, loneliness)
51
Sociological/Sociocultural Approach
one's capacity to perform roles and tasks in society Talcott Parsons become a deviant if don't figure out how to continue doing roles/tasks in between subjective and objective
52
Health Protected Behaviors
``` How are you protecting yourself from being sick? individual actions to maintain health 1) Prescriptive - what to do EX: wash hands, work out 2) Proscriptive - what to avoid EX: fast food, other sick people ```
53
Max Weber
sociologist identify macro (sociocultural conditions) and life conduct (personal choices) Why is there a lack of macro? value of individualism (freedom/rights) marketplace strategy - let consumer make own judgement keep focus on life conduct/individual choices allows one to ignore research which allows to ignore macrofactors
54
Health Belief Model
1) emotional - if one feels vulnerable to disease, if believe life conduct will make difference, one will make good choices 2) rational - theory of reasons and actions (TRA) - social norms, significant others (influence), importance of compliance/fitting in - if follow these, will lead to healthy living
55
Medical Model
1) deviation from "normal" 2) specific and universal 3) biological forces 4) breakdown of how body should function 5) can be treated... has to be treated through a neutral scientific process
56
Technical Specificity
have to have formal training, which enhances their status in social society
57
Affective Neutrality
why it isn't best to do surgery on family
58
Universalism
treating all patients the same, regardless of race, sex, health insurance or none
59
Functional Specificity
works with ethics
60
Legitimate Power
has a beginning and an end | EX: professor in class
61
Emotionality
strong emotions in deviant-social control agent relationships

Medical Sociology (1 decks)

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