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Nutrition > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

0
Q

What are peanut hulls considered

A

Non fermentable fiber

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1
Q

What is maltose

A

Disaccharide

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2
Q

What is wheat considered

A

Digestible polysaccharide

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3
Q

What is beet pulp considered

A

Moderately fermentable fiber

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4
Q

What is galactose considered

A

Monosaccharide

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5
Q

What is maltase considered

A

Mucosal brush border enzyme

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6
Q

What is amylase considered

A

Pancreatic enzyme

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7
Q

Name to general functions of fiber in the diet of dogs and cats

A

Provide satiety which is by the delayed gastric emptying. Form stool: allows for hardening of stool due to water retention and absorption

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8
Q

Explain how fermentable fiber is beneficial

A

It is beneficial because it promotes the growth of good bacteria in her intestines. Also the short chain fatty acids feed lining of large intestines

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9
Q

Insulin facilitates the entry of what importing nutrients from the blood into cells

A

Glucose

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10
Q

What is the name of the enzyme produced by the pancreas to digest starch

A

Amylase

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11
Q

Where are the enzymes lactase sucrose and Maltase located

A

All three are located in the brush border of the small intestine

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12
Q

What are the three nutrient classes that supply energy

A

Carbs, fat and protein

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13
Q

What are the energy requirements of cats and dogs as well as the energy content of petfood expressed as

A

Gross energy

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14
Q

Which nutrient is the most concentrated source of calories in petfood

A

Fat

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15
Q

Name for functions of proteins of the animals body

A

❤️Helps create the structure for cells. ❤️Helps in the production of keratin. ❤️Help support the muscles of the animal.
❤️Helps act as a secondary source of energy in energy deficient situations

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16
Q

In the process of digestion protein is broken down into what

A

Amino acids

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17
Q

Name two factors that determine protein quality

A

Digestibility of the protein and the biological value of the protein

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18
Q

Name a medical condition that would require restricted protein diet

A

Renal problems

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19
Q

Which amino acid is essential for the cat but not for the dog

A

Taurine

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20
Q

Where does protein digestion start

A

In the stomach

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21
Q

Protein digestion continues where

A

In the small intestine

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22
Q

Where are the enzymes trypsin and Chymotrypsin produced by

A

Pancreas

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23
Q

What is the definition of polypeptide

A

Long chains of peptides

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24
Q

What are polypeptides broken down into by the mucosal brush border

A

Amino acids

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25
Q

How do absorbed amino acids travel to the liver

A

Through they hepatic portal vein

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26
Q

If the amino acid is going to be used for energy what must the liver remove from it

A

Nitrogen

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27
Q

When the nitrogen is removed from the amino acid it’ll enter the ammonia cycle and be converted to what

A

Urea

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28
Q

What is the energy cycle of all cells

A

Krebs

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29
Q

Give me example of what can happen to an amino acid if it isn’t used for energy

A

Can be used to rebuild cells

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30
Q

In cats which amino acid is essential for the ammonia cycle

A

Argenine

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31
Q

State four functions of fat in the diet

A

❤️Provide energy for body.
❤️Allow body to dissolve fat-soluble vitamins.
❤️Insulate body to protect from Harsh temperatures.
❤️Fat storage on body

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32
Q

What is the optimal ratio of n6 and the n3 in the diet

A

5:1

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33
Q

Name two ingredients that supply Omega 3 fatty acids

A

Fish oil and fish meal

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34
Q

Which essential fatty acid is required preformed by the cat but can be synthesized from lenoleic acid in the dog

A

Arachodonic

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35
Q

Both dogs and cats require the essential fatty acid

A

Linoleic acid

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36
Q

What is the enzymes from the pancreas that helps with fat digestion

A

Lipase

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37
Q

What is the substance produced in the liver that helps with fat digestion

A

Bile

38
Q

Which diet would you expect to have the lowest fat content

A

Obesity diet

39
Q

Name the prescription diet that is high in omega-3’s that will benefit an older dog with arthritis

A

Mobility support or JD

40
Q

What is the general purpose of a diet with a higher level of omega 3

A

Anti-inflammatory or anti-oxidant

41
Q

What is a fermentable Fiber - pre biotic

A

MOS

42
Q

What vitamin is necessary for normal blood clotting

A

Vitamin K

43
Q

What is a synthetic preservative

A

Ethoxyquin

44
Q

What is considered antioxidant

A

Lutein

45
Q

What allows more efficient use of insulin

A

Chrominum

46
Q

What is good for joint cartilage

A

Glucosamine

47
Q

What is a nonessential amino acid that promotes Enterocyte health. In medical gastro diet helps to maintain health of gut lining.

A

Glutamine

48
Q

What Transports long chain fatty acids across inter-mitochondrial membrane for Beta oxidation

A

Carnithine

49
Q

What vitamin strengthens connective tissue’s muscles and skin. It also hastens wound healing and increases resistance to infection

A

Vitamin c

50
Q

A deficiency of which vitamin and selenium can cause nutritional muscular dystrophy in sheep and crazy chick disease

A

Vitamin E

51
Q

Which B vitamin is the only one that is stored in the body and works with the mineral cobalt

A

B12

52
Q

Which vitamins are not stored in the body and must be provided in the diet every day

A

Water-soluble vitamins

53
Q

Which fat-soluble vitamin helps and calcium and phosphorus absorption and assist with normal bone mineralization

A

Vitamin D

54
Q

What is the main function of vitamins

A

Regulate body processes

55
Q

Carotene could not be used as a source of vitamin A in the diet of a

A

Cat

56
Q

Which vitamin is not a fat-soluble vitamin

A

Vitamin C

57
Q

Which vitamin promotes normal vision and reproduction care and it helps maintain healthy skin

A

Vitamin A

58
Q

An all meat diet will have an excessive amount of which mineral

A

Phosphorus

59
Q

High milk producing dairy cow can develop a syndrome where she is unable to get up. This condition is called downer cow and is a result of what leaving the body to rapidly to go into the milk

A

Calcium

60
Q

A similar solution can happen in bitches called eclampsia. Describe when this problem is going to likely occur in the bitch

A

3 weeks into nursing

61
Q

What would a vitamin a deficiency in the turtle look like

A

Swollen eyes

62
Q

At what age can you start offering solid food to puppies and what would you offer

A

3 to 4 weeks and you offer a dry food that is been mixed with a water or canned food to make Gruel

63
Q

What food would a pregnant great Dane get

A

Puppy food

64
Q

What medical conditions are large breed puppy is prone to

A

Dysplasia and degenerative joint disease

65
Q

Large breed puppies have special nutritional requirements

A

Growth rate is a lot more exponential and if they’re fed incorrectly they can develop severe skeletal issues or become obese

66
Q

How is the nutrient composition of a diet of a large breed puppy different than that for small breed

A

❤️Puppies are prone to skeletal issues so they need 30% less calcium and phosphorus in a ratio of 1.2 to 1
❤️large breed puppies have a different activity level and growth rate so they need a different amount of calories. Less energy dense and less fat content
❤️they need to be formulated with a high-quality protein

67
Q

What are two important things to emphasize to an owner of an eight week old Labrador

A

❤️The importance of feeding a puppy lifestage diet that is catered to his proper calories.
❤️The importance of adequate exercise in moderation to discourage obesity

68
Q

Do pet foods that are labeled as treats or snacks have to have a nutritional adequacy Statement

A

No

69
Q

What moisture percent is typically listed as the maximum that a canned pet food can contain

A

78%

70
Q

Can the nutritive value of ingredients be determined from the ingredient statement on the pet food

A

No

71
Q

Which of the following is always required in the guaranteed analysis

A

Maximum moisture

72
Q

Which of the following is the preferred method for substantiating a labor claim

A

Feeding trials

73
Q

Can the crude fat percentage be used to estimate the energy content of the food

A

Yes

74
Q

Which part of the pet food label is the primary means of attracting the pet owners attention to the product

A

The principal display paddle

75
Q

It’s a product label reads with beef what percent of the total product must come from the beef ingredients

A

At least 3

76
Q

What percent of the product does chicken flavour have to have

A

Less than 3 percent

77
Q

What does beef dinner have to have

A

At least 25%

78
Q

What does shrimp in jelly mean

A

At least 3 percent of total product.

79
Q

What does tuna for cats mean

A

Tuna is at leAst 70% of total product

80
Q

What does aafco regulate

A

Ingredient lists
Nutritional adequacy of food
Nutritional claims

81
Q

How much water loss will kill an animal

A

15%

82
Q

What is complimentation

A

Putting 2 incomplete proteins together

83
Q

What does digestibility mean

A

Hooves vs muscle meat

84
Q

What is the advantage to free choice feeding

A

Less labour intensive

85
Q

What is the disadvantage of free choice feeding

A

Less control over food intake

86
Q

What is the advantage of time restricted meals

A

15 mins - control of food amount

87
Q

What is the disadvantage of time restricted feeding

A

Obesity

88
Q

What is the advantage to food restricted meal

A

Better weight control

89
Q

What is the disadvantage of food restricted meal

A

More labour intensive

90
Q

When is the highest energy demand in the bitch

A

3rd trimester

91
Q

When do you increase the food for a bitch

A

6th week. 50% more than maintence

92
Q

What are the goals of lactation

A

Energy for adequate milk production

Drastic weight loss in dam

93
Q

When is the peak milk demand ?

A

3 weeks

Nutrition (3 decks)

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