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OTA 237 > midterm > Flashcards

midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Pedi Terminology:

A
  • Normal: what occurs naturally, habitually,
  • Development: act of acquiring or maturing skills
  • Growth: act of maturation
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2
Q
  • Development of skills is affected by these context:
A
  • cultural
    * personal
    * temporal
    * virtual
    * physical
    * social
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3
Q
  • 3 Basic Rules of Motor Development
A
  • cephalocaudal progression- head to tail
  • proximal to distal progression- trunk to arms
  • gross to fine motor control
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4
Q

Principles of Normal Development

A
  • development is sequential and predictable
  • maturation and experience affect child’s development
  • changes occur in biological, psychological and social systems
  • development progresses vertically and horizontally
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5
Q
  • Vertical progression:
A
  • lift head
  • push on hands
  • rolling
  • crawling
  • creep
  • pull to stand
  • walk
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6
Q

Rooting Reflex

A
  • position/stimuli: supine & light touch

* positive response: opens mouth and turns head in direction of touch

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7
Q

Suckling/Swallowing Reflex

A
  • position: supine
  • stimuli: light touch on mouth
  • response: closes mouth and sucks
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8
Q

Neonatal Positive Support

A
  • positing: standing
  • stimuli: pressure on feet
  • positive response: walking like motion
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9
Q

ATNR

A

Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex:

  • position: supine arms and legs extended
  • stimuli: turn head to one side
  • positive response: arm and leg on face side extend and skull side flex
  • connect brain with body develops hand eye coordination
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10
Q

STNR

A

Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex

  • birth - 4-6mths
  • arms extend /legs flex
  • +response: arms flex/legs extend
  • P: quadruped
  • S: flexed head/extended head
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11
Q

TLRS

A
  • TLR: Supine: Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex Supine:
  • P: supine head mid arm and legs extend
  • S: moved into flexion
  • Positive response: ue and le increases when moved into flexion
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12
Q

TLRP

A

Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex Prone:

  • P: Prone
  • S: being moved in to extension
  • +response: ue and le increases when moved into extension
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13
Q
  • Major Postural Reflexes/Categories:
A
  • Primitive Reflexes
  • Righting Reactions
  • Equillibrium Reaction - maintaining balance when pushed off balance
  • Protective Extension Reactions
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14
Q
  • Righting Reactions:
A
  • body on head
  • body on body
  • neck on body
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15
Q
  • Protective Reactions:
A
  • downward-forward-sideward-backwards
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16
Q

Tummy time:

A
  • allows vertical development

* infant prone positions helps with weight shifting

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17
Q

Postural mechanism

A

Mobility > Stability> Mobility on Stability> Skill

18
Q

Righting Reactions

A

maintain head alignments with body

  • Neck righting: neck on body
  • Body righting: body on body
    * Body on Head: head when in prone
    * Ladau: being held in superman extension of head and legs
    * Flexion righting: supine baby pulled to sit and maintain head righting
19
Q
  • Protective Reactions:
A

Protective Extension parachute reactions: a postural response used to prevent a fall that involves straightening of arms or legs

  * downward -6-9 mo
  * forward 6-0 mo
  * side ward- 7 mo
  * backward 9-10 mo
20
Q

Equilibrium Reactions: tilting reactions

A
  • Prone 5-6 mo
    * Supine 7-8 mo
    * Sitting 7-10 mo
    * Quadruped 9-12 mo
    * Standing 12-21
21
Q

Categories/Classification of CP

A
  • involved extremities
  • monoplegia-1 limb
  • hemiplegia- upper lower same side
  • diplegia- upper body and lower- more severe
  • paraplegia- below waist
  • quadriplegia- 4 limbs
  • tetraplegia- all 4 limbs and neck and head
22
Q
  • Spastic CP-
A
  • characterized by hypertonia and spasticity
  • distribution of abnormal tone variable
  • initiation of movement leads to increase in abnormal tone
23
Q
  • Dyskinetic CP-
A
  • typically abnormal tone distributed in all 4 extremities -quad
24
Q

Athetosis

A

*fluctuation of muscle tone from low to normal, with little or no spasticity usually poor co-activation

25
Q

Choreoathetosis

A

constant fluctuation from high to low and jerky movements

26
Q

Dystonia

A

sustained twisted postures triggered by movement

27
Q
  • Ataxic CP:
A
  • small shifts in muscle tone
  • all extremities involved
  • clumsy with decreased balance and coordination
  • decreased equilibrium reactions and lack of proximal stability
28
Q
  • Mixed CP
A
  • combination of high and low tone
29
Q
  • Vision:
A
  • Strabismus- two eyes do not line up in the same direction, and therefore do not look at the same object at the same time. The condition is more commonly known as “crossed eyes.”
  • Exotropia- is a form of strabismus (eye misalignment) referring to eyes that turn outward.
  • Esotropia- squint,” in which one or both eyes turns inward.
  • Hypertoropia- the visual axis of one eye is higher than the fellow fixating eye.
  • Hypotropia- Downward deviation of the visual axis of one eye.
  • Nystagmus- describe fast, uncontrollable movements of the eyes that may be: Side to side (horizontal nystagmus); Up and down
30
Q

Hypotonic

A
  • low tone; decreased in resting state- flaccid
31
Q
  • Hypertonic:
A
  • high tone; in resting state- stiff
32
Q
  • Principles of Positioning:
A
  • provide variety
    * promote function
    * avoid restricting movements
    * consider safety
    * promote skeletal alignment and symmetry
    * provide proximal stability to promote distal mobility
33
Q
  • Side-lying
A
  • promotes co-activation of flexors and extensors
  • promotes eye-hand regard
  • promotes hands to midline
34
Q
  • Prone:
A
  • firm wedge, firm pillow, bolsters, adaptive scooter board, practitioner or caregivers
  • promotes extension
35
Q

Supine

A
  • swaddled in blankets, pillows or rolled towels, car seats

* promotes reversal of flexor synergies

36
Q
  • Prone on Elbows:
A
  • wedges, rolls, bolsters, practitioners laps
37
Q
  • Inhibitors of Tone:- high tone
A
  • sustained pressure
    * slow rocking, rolling or stroking
    * rotation
    * weight bearing and weight shifting
    * heavy joint compression
    * wrapping or swaddling
    * hand vibration
    * calming environment
38
Q
  • Faciliators of Tone- low tone
A
  • light moving touch
  • tapping, sweep tapping, brush tapping, alternative tapping
    • fast vestibular input
    • heavy joint compression
    • weight bearing and weight shifting
    • quick and variable movement
    • stimulating environment
39
Q
  • Fine Motor:
A
  • ability to use the eyes hands and fingers together to do precise movements
    * in hand manipulation
    * translation- move from palm to fingers
    * shift- turning motion
    * rotation- complete circular motion
40
Q
  • Handwriting Evaluation or Assessment:
A
  • visual perceptual skills
    * fine motor control
    * cognitive skills
    * sensory skills
    * gross motor skills
41
Q
  • Standardized Assessments: Motor-used for handwriting
A
  • Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-2- provides age equivalent
  • Hawaii Early Learning Profile- HELP- birth to 3 -age specific
  • Bayley Scale of Infant Development- 1 to 42 months
  • Erhardt Prehension Assesment- looking at quality of grasp no age range
  • Bruininks- Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency- Gross and fine motor 4.5 years to 14.5 years
42
Q
  • Categories of play:
A
  • Exploratory:
    * 0-2 years ; play recreational experiences through which the child develops a body schemes, sensory integration and motor skills
  • Symbolic:
  • 2-4 yrs; play and recreational experiences through which the child formulates, tests, classifies, and refine ideas, feeling and combined actions
  • Creative play:
  • 4-7 years:play and recreational experiences through which the child refines sensory, motor, cognitive, and social skills; explores combinations of actions on multiple objects and develop
    ]
  • Games:
  • 7-12 years; play and recreational experiences that have distinct rules and involve skill development and social interaction in a competitive atmosphere.
  • actions and results are being compared to those of peers

OTA 237 (2 decks)

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