midterm 3 Flashcards by Connor Townsend

What is associated with waves?

refraction
reflection
interference
diffraction

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Ultraviolet light travels faster than radio waves.

t/f

false

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What experiments demonstrates the particle nature of light?

The photoelectric effect

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What shows the wave nature of light?

the interference pattern which results from sending light through a double slit

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The color of a red tomato is the result of which of the following?

red light being reflected by the tomato

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The amplitude of a sound wave is related to which of the following?

loudness

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Light has a dual nature. It acts as a wave and a particle.

t/f

True

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What type of wave vibrates parallel to the direction of propagation?

Longitudinal, Compression, Primary, P-wave

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What type of wave vibrates perpendicular to the direction of propagation?

Shear, Transverse, Secondary, S-wave

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What type of wave can only go through solids?

S-waves, shear, Transverse, secondary

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What type of wave can go through any material?

P-wave, primary, compression, longitudinal

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What is the frequency wavelength and wave speed relationship?

wave speed = frequency * wavelength

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What wave phenomena causes fish to look in a different place than they really are when looking at the fish from above in the air?

refraction

-act of changing direction when passing from one medium to another

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What wave phenomenon best describes an echo?

reflection

-waves bounce off a surface.

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What is the relationship between frequency and period?

frequency, f, is how many cycles of an oscillation occur per second and is measured in cycles per second or hertz (Hz). The period of a wave, T, is the amount of time it takes a wave to vibrate one full cycle. These two terms are inversely proportional to each other: f = 1/T and T = 1/f.

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What is the beat phenomenon? What is the formula to calculate the beat frequency?

When the different notes were played and two tones sounding simultaneously are superimposed in a very simple way: one adds their amplitudes.
when different sounds a beat sounded
Fbeat = |f1-f2|

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If you had to describe the beat phenomenon using reflection, refraction, diffraction, or interference which of the above options would you describe it with?

interference. constructive interference.

What material will a mechanical wave travel the fastest air, rock, or water?

rock.
the more rigid the material, the faster the wave will travel.
waves will travel at a constant speed through a homogenous material.

What is reflection?

-waves bounce off a surface.

What is refraction?

-act of changing direction when passing from one medium to another

What is diffraction?

-the changing of direction of waves to bend around corners and spread as they encounter obstacles.

What is interference? what kinds?

the canceling or enhancing effect that occurs when two waves move through the same space at the same time.

constructive: two waves are in synchronization causing amplitude to be greater.
destructive: waves are out of synchronization making amplitude smaller

What is pitch and how does it relate to waves?

pitch is the sensation of frequency.

What are nodes and anti-nodes?

found on standing waves.

nodes: point of no motion are places of destructive interference.
anti-nodes: points of maximum motion are places of constructive interference

If I told you the fundamental frequency of a standing wave could you tell me the frequency of another harmonic of the standing wave?

compare the two. does it add or take away. look at the positions.

What is the Doppler effect.

sirens. a change in the observed frequency of a wave occurring when the source and observer are in motion relative to each other. waves closer in front of car and more spread behind the car.

What is the full electrometric spectrum in order of wavelength?

``` longest wavelength to shortest: Radio waves Microwaves, Infrared radiation ROYGBIV UV radiation X-rays Gamma rays ```

What experiment proved light was a wave?

Young's double slit experiment

How is electromagnetic radiation generated?

electromagnetic waves radiate out whenever an electric charge (electrons) accelerates.

What is a polarizing filter and how does it relate to light?

it is slits that break up light

What experiment proves light is a particle?

Energy= h*frequency (einstein photons) photoelectric effect Hertz shining light on some metals caused them to eject electrons

Is light a particle or a wave?

it is both, a wavicle

Study the table in the book with all the melting and boiling temperatures of different materials. Look for tends. I will give you a list of elements and I will ask you which elements have the lowest melting temperatures. Don’t memorize the list. Just pay attention to the melting and boiling temperatures and know what the elements are. Study the density trends in the same table.

``` low: helium hydrogen neon nitrogen ethanol ``` mid: water high: salt, copper, gold, magnesium

What are all the different types of conductors? What distinguishes the different types of conductors?

- conductors: materials that conduct electricity in the solid and liquid state. - ionic conductors: materials that do not conduct electricity in the solid state, but do when dissolved in water. SALT - non-conductors: material which do not conduct electricity in any of their physical states.

What is color? What makes one object yellow and another red?

color is wave frequencies. it is the portions of the spectrum that an object obsorbs or reflects.

What are the two different types of light spectrums? How are they identified? (I had a really cool demonstration for this in class)

- continuous spectrum is the sun and anything that fives off all colors - discreet: gases of pure materials give off only a few colors of light when they are heated to a plasma or electrical charge

Study the experiment from Figure 13.9 and understand it inside and out.

green jello cubes - in cold molecules, the jiggling back and forth motion is small and molecules can be close together. - in hot molecules, the jiggling motion covers more space, and molecules move apart to accommodate the expanded motion.

Why did Einstein assume matter was in constant motion?

brownian motion | pollen grains in water would twitch, cotton ball moving

What does temperature represent? (Besides how hot something is)

a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules

Make sure you understand the concept behind Figures 13.6 and 13.7

The lower temperature the distribution is slower and narrower, with most of the melecules moving clse to the same speed(cars near school). as temperature increases, molecules move faster on average and with a wider range of speed(freeway). Heat ice to water water to steam

What is pressure?

gas pressure is the sum of the collective force exerted by many molecules colliding over a given area at the same time. gas in a container. hotter gasses exert more pressure than colder ones. cause they hit the walls more frequently.

How does heat travel? Or what is conduction and how does it work?

molecules jiggle and they collide with each other. They transfer kinetic energy to each other causing them to jiggle faster. molecular kinetic energy, heat, always flows from a hot object to a cold one.