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Head And Neck > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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0
Q

Investing layer of the deep cervical fascia splits to enclose…

A

Superficial and deep layers to enclose trapezius and SCM, splits to enclose submandibular gland, splits to form the fibrous capsule of the parotid gland.

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1
Q

What is the Platysma and what is its origin and nerve supply?

A

Broad, thin sheet of muscle in the subcutaneous tissue of the neck.
O- from the fascia covering pectoralis major and deltoid muscles.
NS- cervical br. of the facial N. (7th cr. n.)

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2
Q

Pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia encloses…

A

Sternohyoid, sterothyroid, omohyoid, and thyrohyoid.

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3
Q

Pretracheal layer deep to the cervical fasica forms a pulley in which… And wraps around the lateral boarder of….

A

Intermediate tendon of digastric

Intermediate tendon of omohyoid.

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4
Q

Prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia forms a tubular sheath for the vertebral column and the muscles…

A

Longus colli and Longus capitis, scalenus anterior, scalenus medius, and scalenus posterior.

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5
Q

Carotid sheath

A

A tubular fascial investment that expends from the cranial base to the root of the neck.

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6
Q

Contents of the carotid sheath…

A

Common and internal carotid artery, internal jugular v., and vagus n.

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7
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Key muscular landmark of the neck.
O-from the anterior surface of the manubrium sterni and superior surface medial third of the clavicle.
I-into the mastoid process of the temporal bone and lateral part of the superior nuchal line of occiput.

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8
Q

Lateral cervical region (posterior triangle) boundaries anteriorly, posteriorly, inferiorly, apex

A

A-posterior boarder of the SCM
P-anterior boarder of the trapezius
I-middle third of the clavicle
A-SCM and the trapezius meet on the superior nuchal line of occipital bone.

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9
Q

Inferior belly of omohyoid

A

Divides posterior triangle into an upper,larger occipital triangle and a lower smaller omoclavicular or subclavian triangle.

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10
Q

What is indicated on the surface of the neck by suprclavicular fossa?

A

Omoclavicular or supraclavicular or subclavian triangle.

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11
Q

Arteries of the lateral cervical region

A

Lateral br.s of the thyrocervical trunk, the third part of the subclavian artery and part of the occipital artery.

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12
Q

Thyrocervical trunk

A

Br of the subclavian artery.

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13
Q

External jugular vein

A

Drains most of the scalp and side of the face
Formed by the union of posterior auricular vein and posterior division of retromandibular vein.
Crosses SCM obliquely deep to the platysma, pierces the investing layer of deep cervical fascia and terminates in the subclavian vein.

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14
Q

Subclavian vein

A

Unites with internal jugular vein to form the brachiocephalic vein

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15
Q

Spinal accessory N. (11th cr n)

A

Supplies trapezius and SCM

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16
Q

Suprascapular N (C5C6)

A

Supplies suprasinatus and infraspinatus

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17
Q

Lesser occipital N supplies…

A

Ventral ram us of C2, supplies the skin of the neck and scalp posterosuperior to the auricle.

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18
Q

Great auricular N supplies…

A

Ventral rami of C2&C3, supplies the skin over and the sheath surrounding the parotid gland, the mastoid process, both surfaces of the auricle and an area of skin extending from the angle of mandible to the mastoid process.

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19
Q

Transverse cervical N supplies…

A

Ventral rami of C2&C3, supplies the skin covering the anterior cervical region (anterior triangle).

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20
Q

Supraclavicular Ns supply…

A

Ventral rami of C3&C4, small br.s to the skin of the neck and supplies the skin over the shoulder

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21
Q

Phrenic N.

A

Chiefly from C4, runs on the anterior scalene muscle and provides sole motor supple to the diaphragm.

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22
Q

Spasmodic troticollis

A

Bilaterally combination of lateral neck muscles, especially the trapezius and SCM

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23
Q

Lesions of spinal accessory N

A

Drooping of the shoulder is an obvious sign of this nerve injury

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24
Injury of the Suprascapular N
Results in loss of lateral rotation of the humerus at the glenohumeral joint Waiter's tip position.
25
Subdivisions of anterior triangle
The digastric and omohyoid muscles subdivide it into four smaller triangles: submental, submandibular(digastric), carotid, and muscular.
26
Submental triangle
Lies inferior to the chin
27
Carotid sinus
Baroreceptor (pressure receptor) that reacts to changes in arterial blood pressure
28
Carotid body
Supplied mainly by the carotid sinus N (9th&10th) glossopharyngeal N and vagus nerve. It is a chemoreceptor that monitors the level of oxygen in blood
29
Common carotid artery
At the level of the superior border of thyroid cartilage the common carotid artery terminates by dividing into the internal and external carotid arteries
30
External carotid artery
Terminates into two br.s maxillary and superficial temporal arteries Br.s are the ascending pharyngeal artery, occipital artery, posterior auricular artery, superior thyroid artery, lingual artery and facial artery.
31
Internal jugular vein
Direct continuation of the sigmoid sinus | Units with the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein
32
Hypogossal N
Cr n 12 | It gives superior root of the ansa cervicalis also br.s to geniohyoid and thyrohyoid muscles
33
External laryngeal n
Runs with the superior thyroid artery
34
Internal laryngeal n
Runs with the superior laryngeal artery.
35
Superior cervical ganglion
Level of C1&C2
36
Middle cervical ganglion
At the level of the cricoid cartilage and TP of C6
37
Inferior cervical ganglion
Inferior to the TP of C7, superior to the neck of the first rib
38
Anterior vertebral muscles
Longus colli, Longus capitis, rectors capitis anterior, and anterior scalene.
39
Longus colli
Origin-anterior tubercle of C1 vertebra, bodies of C1-C3 vertebrae and TP of C3-C6 vertebrae.
40
Longus capitis
Origin-from basilar part of the occipital bone
41
Rectus capitis anterior
Origin-from base of hone cranium, just anterior to the occipital condyle.
42
Anterior scalene
Insertion into the scalene tubercle of rib#1
43
Rectus capitis lateralis
Origin-jugular process of the occipital bone
44
Splenius capitis
Insertion- lateral aspect of the mastoid process and lateral third of the superior nuchal line
45
Levator scapulae
Nerve supply- dorsal scapular n (C5) and cervical spinal nerves C3&C4
46
Middle scalene
Insertion- superior surface of rib #1 posterior to the groove of subclavian artery
47
Posterior scalene
Insertion-external border of 2nd rib
48
Cervical part of the vertebral artery
Part one Arises from the first part of the subclavian artery, ascends in the pyramidal space formed b/w the scalene and the Longus muscles.
49
Vertebral part of vertebral artery
Part two | Passes through the transverse foramen of C6-C1 vertebrae
50
Sub occipital part of vertebral artery
Part three | Courses in a groove on the posterior arch of hone atlas before it entersthe cranial cavity through the foramen magnum
51
Cranial part of the vertebral artery
Part four | Supplies br.s to the medulla and the spinal cord, parts of the cerebellum, and the dura of the posterior cranial fossa
52
Thyroid gland
Largest endocrine gland Produces thyroid hormone which controls the rate of metabolism and calcitonin, a hormone controlling calcium metabolism. Surrounded by a thin capsule Pretracheal layer
53
Anterolaterally
Related to sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid.
54
Posterolaterally
Related to carotid sheath and contents (common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, vagus n, and internal jugular vein)
55
Medially
Related to external laryngeal n, recurrent laryngeal n, trachea, esophagus, cricothyroid, and inferior constrictor.
56
Superior thyroid artery
Runs with the external laryngeal n
57
Inferior thyroid artery
Runs with the recurrent laryngeal n
58
Superior thyroid vein
Drains into the internal jugular vein
59
Middle thyroid vein
Drains into the internal jugular vein
60
Inferior thyroid vein
Drains into the brachiocephalic vein.
61
Parathyroid gland
Hormone produced: parathyroid hormone(PTH) controls the metabolism of phosphorus and calcium in the blood
62
Tetany
Results in the removal of the parathyroid gland.
63
Enlargement of thyroid gland
Lack of iodine
64
Injury to recurrent laryngeal n
Produces Hoarseness

Head And Neck (2 decks)

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