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lab interpretation > midterm > Flashcards

midterm Flashcards

1
Q

HGB

A

hemoglobin

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2
Q

HCT

A

hematocrit

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3
Q

MCV

A

mean corpuscular volume

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4
Q

MCH

A

mean corpuscular hemoglobin

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5
Q

MCHC

A

mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentraition

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6
Q

platelets

A

concerned with the clotting of the blood and clot retraction

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7
Q

component types used for testing

A

whole blood, plasma, serum

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8
Q

blood plasma

A

prepared by obstaining a sample of blood and removing blood cells by spinning in a centrifuge, chemicals are added to prevent blood’s natural tendency to clot

  • major protein in plasma is albumin
  • other fx’s: resivoir that can replenish insufficient or absorbs excess water from tissues, prevents blood vessels from collapsing & clogging, regulate body temp, carries many essential substances
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9
Q

serum

A

prepared by obtaining a sample, allowing formation of a blood clot & removing the clot using a centrifuge.

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10
Q

Content of Plasma

A

water, nutrients (sugars, amino acids, fats, electrolytes, minerals, etc), waste products, antibodies, clotting proteins, hormones, complement proteins, transport proteins (albumin)
*60% of total blood volume
plasma=serum+clotting components

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11
Q

Lipemia

A

presence of high concentration of lipids in blood, can look milky
-can cause factitious: hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hyperchloremia

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12
Q

turbidity

A

due to lipid particles-cause light to scatter, interferes with photometry

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13
Q

partiitioning error

A

analyte can enter lipid making it inaccessible for chemical reaction

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14
Q

electrolyte exclusion effect

A

triglycerides>1500mg/dL (milky serum)

-fat replaces serum water, which alters distribution and concentration of electrolytes

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15
Q

RBC Count

A

erythrocyte count, main fx is to carry oxygen from the lungs to therest of the body tissues to tranfer carobn dioxide formthe tisues to the lungs, acheived by hemoglobin that gives blood its bright red color

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16
Q

anemia

A

decreased values of RBC’s, it is associated with cell destruction, blood loss & dietary insufficiency of iron & certain vitamins
* reduction in the number of circulating rbc’s, amount of hemoglobin, &/or volume of packed cell (HCT)

17
Q

Hematocrit (HCT)

A

measures the RBC mass

  • expressed as volume of rbc in a known volume of centrifuged blood (PCV), will normally parallel rbc count when cells are normal in size
  • *decreased value can indicate Anemia- deficiency of B6, B12, iron, copper, vitamin C
  • *increased value can indicate Plycythemia vera-increase in all blood cells
18
Q

MHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin)

A

measures the weight of hemoglobin per RBC

  • decreased is associated with microcytic anemia
  • increased in associated with macroytic anemia
19
Q

MHCH

mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

A

measures the average concentration of hemoglobin (HGB) in the RBC’s, which determines the color of the RBC’s
*decreased: hypochromic anemia
*

20
Q

RDW (red cell distribution width)

A

indication of the degree of anisocytosis (abnormal variation of RBC size)

21
Q

MCV (mean corpuscular volume)

A

measurement of the volume of an average single red blood cell that helps differentiate anemais
*individual cell size

22
Q

Microcytic Anemia

A
  • iron deficiency anemia, most prevalent anemia
  • pyridoxine (vitamin B6 def)
  • Cobalamin (vitamin B12 def)
23
Q

Iron deficiency

A
  • Decrease in: MCV, MCHC, Serum ferritin, SI, MCH, RDW
  • Increase in: TIBC
  • microcytosis, hypochromia
24
Q

Pyridoxine Deficiency (B6)

A

same as iron def, with increase in SI and decrease in TIBC

25
Q

Normocytic Nomochromic Anemias

A
  • hemolyic anemia

- decreased erythropoietin

26
Q

Cobalamin (B12) Deficiency

A

caused by vegan diet, intrinsic factor def, malabsorption, competitive parasites, HCL need (hypochoridria)
-increased requirements: chronic pancreatic disease, preggo, neoplastic disease, hyperthyroidism
-impaired utilization: enzyme deficiencies
-increase in: MCV, RDW, MCH,MCHC, TIBC, SI normal or increased
megaloblastic cells

27
Q

Macrocytic Anemia

A

-folate (vitamin B9, B-C, M, folic acid) deficiency

28
Q

Folate Deficiency

A

decreased ingestion: lack of veggies & alcoholism

impaired absorption: oral contraceptives

29
Q

Pathophysiological Anemias

A

hypoproliferative anemias (inadequate production of RBC’s), decreased HGB or HCT despite increased production of RBC’s

30
Q

Intracorpuscular Anemia’s

A

sickle cell disease: hemaglobin structural abnormality

thalassemia major/minor: genetic abnormality of globin chain synthesis

31
Q

Vitamin B12 test

A

to aid in differential dx of megaloblastic anemia

32
Q

Erythropoietin test

A

aid in dx of polycythemia

33
Q

reticulocyte

A

young immature red blood cell ( non-cucleated)

34
Q

Major Blood types

A

A, B, AB & O
O=universal donor
AB=universal recipient

35
Q

Rh factor

A

85% of adults are Rh positive, since most carry the antigen protein, there are rarely problems with compatibility of blood

36
Q

Clinical implications of crossmatching blood types

A
  • there are many unknown antibodies in our blood, this is why we do crossmatching before transfusion
  • mix donor blood with patient blood & observe for any agglutination that might occur, takes 45 min to an hour to watch for reaction
37
Q

increased platelets

A

blood stasis

-can mean iron def, lymphomas, malignancies, renal failure, leukemia, RA, SLE

38
Q

decreased platelets

A

excessive bleeding if cut

-can mean hemolytic anemias, viral & bacterial infections, alcohol toxicity hiv infection, congestive heart failure,

39
Q

Mean Platelet Volume (MPV)

A

uniformity of size of the platelets

lab interpretation (1 decks)

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