midterm

Question 1

acute coronary syndrome

Answer 1

condition characterized by an episode of acute unstable angina

Question 2

aneurysm

Answer 2

weakened portion of the blood vessel wall

Question 3

angina

Answer 3

chest pain caused by oxygen deficit to the heart

Question 4

stable angina

Answer 4

chest pain associated with increased oxygen demand such as with physical exertion

Question 5

unstable angina

Answer 5

chest pain that occurs at rest

Question 6

ankle brachial index (ABI)

Answer 6

ratio of Doppler-recorded systolic blood pressures between upper and lower extremities, a measure of peripheral vascular disease

Question 7

apolipoprotein

Answer 7

protein portion of the lipoprotein, provides cellular stability and allows for cellular recognition and binding

Question 8

arteriosclerosis

Answer 8

general term for thickening of wall of the blood vessels with a resulting loss of vascuclar elasticity and narrowed lumen

Question 9

atherosclerosis (AS)

Answer 9

thickening of the blood vessel walls specifically caused by the presence of plaque

Question 10

cardiac cachexia

Answer 10

CVD associated malnutrition/wasting syndrome characterized by extreme skeletal muscle wasting , fatigue, and anorexia

Question 11

cardiac output

Answer 11

volume of blood ejected from left ventricle each minute, mathematically defined as heart rate x stroke volume

Question 12

claudication

Answer 12

pain in arms and legs due to inadequate blood flow to those muscles

Question 13

congestive heart failure (CHF) or heart failure (HF)

Answer 13

impairment of ventricles’ capacity eject blood from the heart or to fill with blood

Question 14

coronary artery disease (CAD)

Answer 14

general term for all causes of heart disease characterized by narrowing of vessels supplying blood to the heart

Question 15

diastole

Answer 15

relaxation phase of cardiac cycle, ventricles empty an blood fills atria

Question 16

ejection fraction

Answer 16

percentage of the LVEDV that is ejected in the systolic phase, typicaly 50-60%, stroke volume / LVEDV

Question 17

embolus

Answer 17

blood clot that breaks from cellular surface and freely moves through the circulation

Question 18

foam cell

Answer 18

macrophage cells containing lipid, found within fatty streaks in development of atherosclerosis

Question 19

hepatomegaly

Answer 19

enlargement of liver

Question 20

hydrogenation

Answer 20

addition of H atoms, results in trans fatty acids

Question 21

hypertension

Answer 21

condition of chronically elevated blood pressure

Question 22

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer 22

genetic disorder causing abnormal thickening of left ventricle walls

Question 23

infarct

Answer 23

cellular necrosis as a result of lack of oxygen

Question 24

ischemic heart disease (IHD)

Answer 24

heart disease characterized by inadequate blood supply to the heart

Question 25

left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV)

Answer 25

amount of blood in left ventricle at end of the diastole phase, immediately prior to systolic ejection of blood

Question 26

left ventricular end systolic volume (LVESV)

Answer 26

amount of blood that remains in LV at conclusion of systolic phase

Question 27

left ventricular hypertrophy

Answer 27

enlargement of LV, most commonly related to hypertension and congestive heart failure

Question 28

myocardial infarction (MI)

Answer 28

necrosis of myocardial cells as result of oxygen deficit

Question 29

orthopnea

Answer 29

shortness of breath associated with lying in the supine position

Question 30

peripheral artery disease (PAD)/ peripheral vascular disease (PVD)

Answer 30

atherosclerotic heart disease of all vessels except specific coronary vessels

Question 31

salt resistant

Answer 31

individual whose body presents resistance to change in blood pressure as a result of salt intake

Question 32

salt sensitive

Answer 32

individual who experiences an increase in blood pressure as a result of salt intake

Question 33

splenomegaly

Answer 33

enlargement of the spleen

Question 34

stearic acid

Answer 34

18 C saturated fatty acid

Question 35

stoke volume

Answer 35

volume of blood ejected from the LV with each systolic phase, LVEDV - LVESV

Question 36

thrombus

Answer 36

blood clot

Question 37

ulceration

Answer 37

break in skin or tissue surface

Question 38

ventricular fibrilation

Answer 38

uncontrolled contractions of ventricles, often associated with MI

Question 39

ventricular tachycardia

Answer 39

rapid heartbeat originating from the ventricle

Question 40

24 hour energy expenditure

Answer 40

resting energy expenditure + thermic effect of food + physical activity related energy expenditure

Question 41

adaptive thermogenesis

Answer 41

energy expenditure above and beyond the thermic effect of food and REE that is seen in response to overfeeding, traumatic injury, changes in hormonal status, and exposure to a cold environment

Question 42

anorexigenic

Answer 42

appetite inhibiting

Question 43

iatrogenic

Answer 43

an adverse condition in a patient resulting from treatment, usually by a physician