Midterm

Question 1

What was the name of the first book to have written record of medical knowledge to solving a crime?

Answer 1

Hsi Duan Yu (chinese book from 1248)

Question 2

In 1814 who published work on poisons and how they affected animals? Also known as the father of toxicology.

Answer 2

Mathieu Orfila

Question 3

Who studied fingerprints and developed a methodology for their classification?

Answer 3

Francis Galton

Question 4

Who figured out a way to determine the type of blood from a dried bloodstain and began applying the new test to criminal investigators?

Answer 4

Dr. Leone Lattes

Question 5

Who found a way of using a comparison microscope to improve this technique to better match bullets?

Answer 5

Calvin Goddard

Question 6

Who brought up the fact about cross-contamination?

Answer 6

Edmond Locard

Question 7

When did the oldest forensic laboratory begin and where?

Answer 7

In 1923, Los Angeles

Question 8

When did the Federal Bureau of Investigation begin its own national laboratory?

Answer 8

1932

Question 9

A verbal statement given under oath.

Answer 9

Testimony

Question 10

A science that deals with disease.

Answer 10

Pathology

Question 11

A dissection and examination of the body, often to determine why the person died.

Answer 11

Autopsy

Question 12

Studies sudden, unexplained, and violent deaths by using autopsies to determine the cause of death in an individual.

Answer 12

Forensic Pathology

Question 13

Occurs within 24 hours after death and goes away after about 36 hours.

Answer 13

Rigor Mortis

Question 14

Happens soon after death.

Answer 14

Liver Mortis

Question 15

The gradual cooling of the body after death.

Answer 15

Algor Mortis

Question 16

Specializes in the identification and examination of skeletal remains.

Answer 16

Forensic Anthropology

Question 17

Focuses on the relationship between human behavior and criminal justice.

Answer 17

Forensic Psychiatry

Question 18

Uses the study of insects to help criminal investigations.

Answer 18

Forensic Entomology

Question 19

Provides insight into the identification of individuals through their teeth.

Answer 19

Forensic Odontology

Question 20

Anything that can establish a crime has happened and anything that links the crime and the criminal.

Answer 20

Physical evidence

Question 21

Show the crime scene in wide angles.

Answer 21

Overview photographs

Question 22

Closer to the evidence, but they still show surrounding evidence.

Answer 22

Intermediate photographs

Question 23

May focus on an injury, a weapon, or a piece of evidence.

Answer 23

Close-up photographs

Question 24

Show the location of evidence and contain accurate accounts of the distances between them and the dimensions of the crime scene.

Answer 24

Rough sketches

Question 25

A precise representation of the scene is produced.

Answer 25

Finished sketch

Question 26

Additional sites where criminal activity might have happened, also are searched.

Answer 26

Secondary crime scenes

Question 27

A list of all persons who had possession of the evidence during the crime investigation.

Answer 27

Chain of custody

Question 28

A sample of physical evidence. (unknown sample)

Answer 28

Questioned sample

Question 29

Comes from a particular person or place, to compare with the questioned sample.

Answer 29

Known sample

Question 30

Should be placed in paper bags, or envelopes.

Answer 30

Firearms

Question 31

Evidence that is small and often hard to find.

Answer 31

Trace evidence

Question 32

This generally happens through personal delivery of mail shipment if needed.

Answer 32

Submitting evidence

Question 33

Protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures.

Answer 33

The Fourth Amendment

Question 34

Includes tangible objects, including weapons, trace evidence like hair, blood, or fibers, and fingerprints.

Answer 34

Physical evidence

Question 35

Any type of written or recorded evidence, such as a recording of a telephone conversation or a video recording of a crime.

Answer 35

Documentary evidence

Question 36

Evidence that is used to help recreate or illustrate a crime.

Answer 36

Demonstrative evidence

Question 37

The process of determining the chemical or physical characteristics of a piece of evidence with as much certainty as possible.

Answer 37

Identification

Question 38

The process of testing a suspect sample with a known sample to prove whether or not they share a common origin.

Answer 38

Comparison

Question 39

The frequency of an event.

Answer 39

Probability

Question 40

Properties associated with a common source to a high degree of certainty.

Answer 40

Individual characteristics

Question 41

The ridge endings, enclosures, and other details that make up a fingerprint.

Answer 41

Ridge characteristics or minutiae

Question 42

Those that can only be associated with a group and not a single source.

Answer 42

Class characteristics

Question 43

Those that describe a substance or object without referring to any other substance.

Answer 43

Physical properties

Question 44

Those that describe what happens when a substance reacts with another substance.

Answer 44

Chemical properties

Question 45

Those that extend outward from the point of impact.

Answer 45

Radial fractures

Question 46

Those fractures that form a circle around the point of impact.

Answer 46

Concentric fractures

Question 47

Hairs form and structure

Answer 47

Morphology

Question 48

A set of cells that runs through the hair.

Answer 48

Medulla

Question 49

Found in the nucleus of a cell and is inherited from both biological parents.

Answer 49

Nuclear DNA

Question 50

Found in small structures outside the nucleus of a cell and is inherited from the biological mother.

Answer 50

Mitochondrial DNA

Question 51

This system categorizes the properties of blood into three different blood types.

Answer 51

A-B-O System

Question 52

Mixes a sample of the dried substance with the chemical phenolphthalein and hydrogen peroxide. If the substance is blood, the bloods hemoglobin will turn a deep pink.

Answer 52

Kastle Meyer color test

Question 53

A very sensitive test and can show blood even when it has been diluted up to 300,000 times.

Answer 53

Luminol

Question 54

Used to distinguish between animal and human blood.

Answer 54

Precipitin test

Question 55

Who studied bloodstains extensively and has offered a number of important observations about bloodstains?

Answer 55

Herbert L. MacDonell

Question 56

How many separate ridge characteristics are in each fingerprint?

Answer 56

150

Question 57

Characterized by ridge lines that enter on one side, loop around, and exit on the same side. About 60-65% of the population has them.

Answer 57

Loop fingerprints

Question 58

Ridge patterns that are circular in shape with two deltas. About 30-35% of the population has them.

Answer 58

Whorl fingerprints

Question 59

Ridge lines which start on one side and exit on the other side of the print. About 5% of the population has them.

Answer 59

Arch fingerprints

Question 60

Made by the oil and perspiration that is deposited on the surface.

Answer 60

Latent fingerprints

Question 61

Created when a surface is touched after the finger has been in contact with another substance, such as blood, ink, or paint.

Answer 61

Visible fingerprints

Question 62

Prints created when the finger touches a soft material like soap or putty.

Answer 62

Plastic prints

Question 63

Aims UV light at areas where fingerprints may be.

Answer 63

Reflected Ultraviolet Imaging System