Midterm

Question 1

Who coined the term sociology

Answer 1

Comete

Question 2

Term used to describe an approach to the study of society that relies specifically on scientific evidence, such as experiments and statistics, to reveal a true nature of how society operates

Answer 2

Positivism

Question 3

Statement of how and why things are related

Answer 3

Theory

Question 4

Macro look of society which is a system made up of many parts working together to promote stability

Answer 4

Structural functionalism

Question 5

Macro look at society that says society is an arena for social inequality and generates change. Who benefits?

Answer 5

Social conflict

Question 6

Micro look at society that say it’s product of everyday interactions of individuals.

Answer 6

Symbolic interactionism

Question 7

Societies entire way of life. ( values, beliefs, behavior)

Answer 7

Culture

Question 8

Community of people living in a certain area that shares valued, norms, and beliefs

Answer 8

Society

Question 9

Standards expected to be followed in a community or society

Answer 9

Norm

Question 10

Broad guidelines for social living,

Answer 10

Values

Question 11

Disorientation due to the inability to make sense out of a familiar way of life

Answer 11

Culture shock

Question 12

Culture patterns that set apart some segment of societies population

Answer 12

Subculture

Question 13

Culture patterns that strongly opposed those widely accepted within a society

Answer 13

Counter culture

Question 14

Used to describe a sub culture shared by the elite in a society

Answer 14

High culture

Question 15

Shared values, ideas, and attitudes within the main stream of a given culture

Answer 15

Pop culture

Question 16

Culture includes a wide range of physical human creations and artifacts

Answer 16

Material culture

Question 17

The intangible world of ideas created by members of a society

Answer 17

Non material

Question 18

Practice of judging another culture by the standards of another culture

Answer 18

Ethnocentrism

Question 19

Practice of judging a culture by its own standards

Answer 19

Cultural relativism

Question 20

Evidence based off experience or observation

Answer 20

Empirical evidence

Question 21

Consistency in measurement

Answer 21

Reliability

Question 22

Actually measuring exactly what you intend to measure

Answer 22

Validity

Question 23

Variable that causes the change

Answer 23

Independent

Question 24

Variable that changes

Answer 24

Dependent variable

Question 25

Weber said this kind of dispassionate and detached is what kind of research

Answer 25

Value free

Question 26

Research method for investigating cause and effect under highly controlled conditions

Answer 26

Experiment

Question 27

Unverified statement of a relationship between variables; educated guess

Answer 27

Test hypothesis

Question 28

A method in which subjects respond to a series of statements or questions on a questionnaire or interview

Answer 28

Survey research

Question 29

A series of written questions a researcher presents to subjects

Answer 29

Questionnaire

Question 30

A series of questions a researcher asks respondents in person

Answer 30

Interview

Question 31

A research method in which investigators systematically observe people while joining them in their routine activities

Answer 31

Participant observation

Question 32

Using participant observation to study other societies

Answer 32

Fieldwork

Question 33

Systematic study of human behavior

Answer 33

Sociology

Question 34

Changes that occur as a society gains new technology

Answer 34

Sociocultural evolution

Question 35

Review Leneski's 5 types of societies

Answer 35

``` Hunting and gathering Horticultural and Pastoral Agrarian Industrial societies Postindustrial societies ```

Question 36

This person studied social conflict and believed that the economy was what caused it

Answer 36

Karl Marx

Question 37

A way of thinking that emphasizes deliberate, matter of fact calculation of the most efficient way to accomplish a particular task

Answer 37

Rationality

Question 38

The growth of large rational organizations

Answer 38

Bureaucracy

Question 39

This person focused on rationality, bureaucracy in social organizations, and Calvinism

Answer 39

Max Weber

Question 40

Condition in which society provides little moral guidance for individuals

Answer 40

Anomie

Question 41

Warned of anomie, specialized economic activity, and expanding division of labor.

Answer 41

Emile Durkheim

Question 42

The lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture

Answer 42

Socialization

Question 43

A persons fairly consistent patterns of acting, thinking, and feeling

Answer 43

Personality

Question 44

People whose bodies have both female and make characteristics

Answer 44

Intersexuals

Question 45

People who feel they are one sex even though biologically they are other

Answer 45

Transsexual

Question 46

The recognized violation of cultural norms

Answer 46

Deviance

Question 47

A powerful negative label that greatly changes a persons self concept and social identity

Answer 47

Stigma

Question 48

The idea that deviance and conformity result not so much from what people do as from how others respond to those action

Answer 48

Labeling theory

Question 49

The attempt to discourage criminality through the use of punishment

Answer 49

Deterrence

Question 50

An act of moral vengeance by which society makes the offender suffer as much as the crime

Answer 50

Retribution

Question 51

Rendering a offender through permanent imprisonment or execution

Answer 51

Societal protection

Question 52

A program for reforming the offender to prevent later offenses

Answer 52

Rehabilitation

Question 53

A persons tendency toward conformity or deviance depends on the amount of contact with others who encourage or reject conventional behavior

Answer 53

Differential association theory

Question 54

Social control depends on people anticipating the consequences of their behavior

Answer 54

Control theory