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Leisure 2127 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

Leisure

A
  • free time/ activity/ state of mind

- experience (enjoyment, satisfaction) or attitude (what is meaningful to the person) rather than time or activity

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2
Q

Theory

A
  • a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained.
  • set of principles explaining a phenomena
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3
Q

Perceived Freedom

A

a state of mind in which the person feels that what she or he is doing is done by choice and because one wants to do it

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4
Q

Intrinsic Motivation

A

doing something because you enjoy it, and want to do it

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5
Q

Extrinsic Motivation

A

doing something for the rewards

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6
Q

Introjected Regulation

A

internalization of extrinsic motivators, motivation tied to self-worth

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7
Q

Overjustification Effect

A

extrinsic rewards tend to overpower sense of self-determination and shift motivation from intrinsic to extrinsic

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8
Q

Learned Helplessness

A

passive behaviour as a result of lack of control in previous experiences

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9
Q

Autonomy

A

freedom to make one’s own choices

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10
Q

Competence

A

experience of mastery, feeling effective

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11
Q

Relatedness

A

sense of self connection to others and the world; sense of value and contribution

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12
Q

Controlling Environment

A

an environment where the individual has the feeling of no choice, control, or self-determination due to extrinsic regulation

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13
Q

Autonomy-supportive Environment

A

an environment in which those involved have opportunities that allow for personal choice and control (aids in intrinsic motivation)

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14
Q

Conditioning of Freedom

A

focused on how people are limited in their options for leisure, because, for example:
- Facilities/equipment are not available and/or too expensive
- Activity is against the law or counter to local custom
- Activity is not accessible or permissible for certain
groups
- Time constraints
- Need a partner/group to participate

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15
Q

Secularization

A

movement away from religious influence/ control

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16
Q

Individualization

A

increasing focus on the individual

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17
Q

Industrialization

A

movement away from primarily ag. society to one focused on manufacturing/ production

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18
Q

Globalization

A

decreasing importance of national boundaries

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19
Q

Urbanization

A

increasing proportion of population living in urban areas

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20
Q

Modernity

A
  • (late 19th century)
  • era of increased industrial capitalism
  • work and productivity seen as ethical and desirable
  • focus on order
  • leisure: a means of maintaining order in society
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21
Q

Post-Modernity

A
  • (mid-late 20th century)
  • rejection of modernity
  • fragmentation, diversity, and disorder in society and culture
  • cultivation of varied leisure forms and exploration of risk and marginality in leisure
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22
Q

Flow

A

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi

  • sense of effortless action [people] feel in moments that stand out as the best in their lives
  • Being “in the zone”
  • Key elements: challenge, skill, optimal experience
  • Not unique to leisure
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23
Q

Seeking

A
  • search for psychological satisfaction through leisure
  • Personal: Self-determination, competence, challenge, learning, exploration and relaxation
  • Interpersonal: Social contact and connectedness
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24
Q

Escape

A
  • time away from the everyday environment,
    including:
  • Personal world: problems, difficulties, failures, etc.
  • Interpersonal world: family, friends, colleagues, etc.
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25
Leisure Needs
identified by people when asked what needs they seek to satisfy through leisure
26
Leisure Satisfaction
``` - The result of meeting leisure needs/ motivations “need-satisfaction” - Evaluation of the quality of the leisure experience “appraisal-satisfaction” ```
27
Theory of Planned Behaviour
perceived behavioural control and behavioural intention predict action/ behaviour
28
Theory of Planned Behaviour: | Attitude toward the behaviour
personal evaluation of the behaviour as favourable or unfavourable
29
Theory of Planned Behaviour: | Subjective Norm
perceived social pressure to perform (or not perform) the behaviour
30
Theory of Planned Behaviour: | Perceived behavioural control
perceived ease or ability of performing the behaviour (reflects past experiences as well as perceived obstacles)
31
Self-efficacy
confidence in the ability to change behaviour | Bandura
32
Stress-Buffering Hypothesis
- Leisure “buffers” or reduces the impact of stressful events, such that people are less likely to feel the impacts of stress (both physically and psychologically) - Research suggests that leisure helps people cope with stress associated with unemployment, social role changes, and lifespan changes - No clear understanding on HOW this happens -- Opportunities for competence and social support through leisure likely helpful in buffering stress -- Leisure can also be a source of stress -- There is some evidence that strength of leisure as a buffer varies by activity
33
Coping
- The “attempt to lessen physical and/ or psychological stress or negative feelings associated with problematic circumstances” - - Problem-focused coping - - Emotion-focused coping
34
Coping: | Leisure-related beliefs
those who see the value of leisure for empowerment/ social support have stronger coping abilities
35
Coping: | Leisure coping strategies
use of leisure to "escape" or to induce a positive mood
36
Social Constructionism
- meaning is created through language, interactions with others, and becomes “truth - a theory of knowledge focused on how societies/cultures develop jointly constructed understandings of the world.
37
Space
refers to a specific setting, location, etc.
38
Place
refers to the meaning and attachments that a person or group has for a specific setting
39
Sense of place
a means of understanding/ describing people's relationship to a place
40
Place attachment
affective relationships between people and the environment (natural and built)
41
Place identity
focuses on the emotional and symbolic meanings recreationists ascribe to the recreation settings
42
Place dependence
ability of a place to facilitate desired (leisure) experiences
43
Social World
an internally recognizable constellation of actors, organizations, events, and practices which have coalesced into a perceived sphere of interest and involvement for participants
44
Constraints
- factors that limit leisure preferences and/or inhibit participation and enjoyment in leisure - psychological factors within an individual as well as factors in the social and physical environment
45
Interpersonal Constraints
- internal to the individual | - psychological states and attributes that interact with leisure preferences
46
Intrapersonal Constraints
result of social interactions with others
47
Structural Constraints
- external factors | - intervene between leisure preferences and participation
48
Constraints Negotiation
people may participate in leisure activities despite constraint
49
Serious Leisure
the systematic pursuit of an amateur, hobbyist, or volunteer core activity that people find so substantial, interesting, and fulfilling that, in the typical case, they launch themselves on a (leisure) career centred on acquiring and expressing a combination of its special skills, knowledge and experience (Stebbins)
50
Amateurs
people who pursue for their leisure activities that others do in a professional capacity (i.e., art, science, sport, entertainment)
51
Hobbyists
people who pursue leisure activities that have no professional counterpart (i.e., stamp collecting, fishing, some sports)
52
Career Volunteers
committed volunteers (i.e., volunteers can also be casual or project-based)
53
Casual leisure
immediate, intrinsically rewarding, relatively short-lived pleasurable activity requiring little or no special training to enjoy it
54
Project based leisure
a short-term,moderately complicated,either one-shot or occasional, though infrequent, creative undertaking carried out in free time
55
Devotee work
serious leisure from which the worker gains a livelihood
56
Leisure specialization
- Sense of progress (toward a goal; skills acquisition, etc.) - Greater involvement, skill (particularly related to use of specialized equipment)
57
Neulinger's Leisure Paradigm
Defines whether an activity can be understood as leisure based on motivation and perceived freedom (visiting a sick friend, gym, volunteering)
58
Self Determination Theory
- Deci and Ryan - describes a way of understanding the interrelation between intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, and how others influence our own motivation - ability to exercise 'sense of choice' within an environment
59
Flow Theory | theorist
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
60
Basic motivational dimensions of leisure behaviour | theorist
Iso-Ahola
61
Stages of change model | theorist
Prochaska | DiClemente
62
Theory of planned behaviour | theorist
Ajzen | Fishbein
63
Ecological Systems Model | theorist
Bronfenbrenner
64
Social Determinants of Health | theorist
Raphael
65
Hierarchical, negotiation model of leisure constraints
- Jackson, Crawford, Godbey - participation is dependent not on the absence of constraints but on negotiation through them - anticipation of one or more insurmountable interpersonal or structural constraints may suppress desire for participation - success of negotiation process is dependent of strengths of constraints and motivation for preparation
66
Serious Leisure | theorist
Stebbins

Leisure 2127 (2 decks)

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