- inconsistencies between story and physical exam findings - BATTLE SIGN - deviated septum - burns, bruises - whiplash in babies (shaking)

Midterm Flashcards by Amy McCormick

Name the four D’s of malpractice

Duty
Derelict
Direct
Damage

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Battery is often considered to be what in the legal terms

specifically covers touch when that touch has been strictly forbidden

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patient must be conscious for ___ to occur (perceived threat) , but unconscious patient may be a victim of _____

assault

- battery

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_____% of malpractice insurance premiums goes to pay administrative costs, not to the injured.

60%

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Brennan study said that_____ was the greatest determinant of malpractice suit success for the patient, not ________

disability

- negligence

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_______children die in the US each year from injuries related to abuse.

3,000

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Chiropractors will see child abuse victims because:

increased # of child patients

- abusers are afraid medical doctors will recognize abuse and report it

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Spotting abuse:

inconsistencies between story and physical exam findings - BATTLE SIGN
deviated septum
burns, bruises
whiplash in babies (shaking)

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it is at least a _______in all 50 states to not report suspected abuse

misdemeanor

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List the “Hanging” films:

finger, wrist, forearm-as if the patient is hanging from fingertips - elbow, humerus-as if patient is hanging from shoulder
toe, AP, oblique foot-hanging from the toes
lateral foot, ankle, lower leg, femur-hanging from patient’s hip

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Facility ID requirements:

facility name and location, patient name, patient ID (age and gender), exam time and data

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cause of Dark film?

- developer temp too high 
too much time use 
light leak 
exposed to radiation or excessive heat 
over concentrated developer

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Causes of Light Film

Developer temp too low 
developer time insufficient 
exhausted 
diluted or contaminated developer 
under concentrated mixture

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Gray (fogged) film causes

exhausted developer 
safelight too bright 
light leak 
radiation leak 
excessive room heat 
old film

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Stains and Streaks

incomplete rinsing 
dirty solutions 
solutions not mixed 
solution contamination 
rusting film hangers 
films not agitated properly in solutions 
weak developer

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Yellowish, Brown or greenish discoloration

exhausted fixer

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Dirty Film

Dirty water

artifacts in solution

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Frosty appearance or white specks

poor washing after fixing/ or crystallized fixer particles in water bath

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Black Opaque areas

films sticking together in developer

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Green opaque areas

films sticking together in fixer

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Reticulation of emulsion

great temp differences between solutions

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Light spots on films

water droplets before development

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Fingerprints (clear)

fixer on hands when handling undeveloped films

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Dark fingerprints

developer on hands when handling undeveloped films

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wet or tacky films

films not adequately dried, exhausted fixer

Transparent strip at on end of the film

low developer level in tank

yellow, green, brown strip at one end

fixer level low in tank

Black film borders

light-fogged film

Brittle film

high temp

Dark film due to auto processing

developer replenishment too high | replenishment pump malfunction

Light film due to auto processing

developer replenishment rate too low | replenishment pump malfunction

green/yellow/ brown film due to auto processing

fixer replenishment rate too low | replenishment pump malfunction

tacky/ wet films

dryer temp low | lack of glutaldehyde

shiny films

over - replenishment of fixer and developer | wash bath not turned on

Pi lines

3.14 inch interval line on side of film due to dirt | chemical stain on edge of a 1 inch roller

Guide shoe marks

sprung or improperly aligned guide shoe pressing against film and sensitizing it before fixer tank

films overlap and stick

improperly aligned rollers and chain drive tension dryer temp too high fixer not adequately replenished

films exit at oblique angle

improperly aligned rollers or improper film feed placement

long scratches on film

dirty rollers from chemical solid buildup tear away emulsion

films streaked with white

machine needs to be cleaned

fogged films

crack in processor cabinet

multiple clear spots

dirty screens

localized blurring of radiographic details

warped screens

thin linear clear marks

deep scratches on screens | hairs in cassette

Dark spots on films

dust | liquid on film surface before developing

clear smudges

hand lotion on hands when handling

black semi-lunar marks

bent or kink

bent or kinked films

film improperly placed in cassettes or jammed in processors

black smudges "christmas" tree | crown like artifact

static electricity marks

melted/wrinkled films

held close to spot/hot light

_____ was the 1st X ray that was taken

1895

List the primary criteria for radiograph production

- recent trauma - intermittent pain or persistent - function change - positive physical examination findings

what is the criteria for secondary radiograph production

posture motion analysis

Steps in the Production of Radiographs

1. Position - Equipment and Patient Set-up 2. Secondary radiation control (grids, cones, etc.) 3. Cassette size and usage 4. Exposure Factors (mA, kVp, Time, Distance) 5. Image Capture / Processing – Digital vs. Manual vs. Automatic

AHARP is stood for___________ and it measures ______

as high as possible | quality

ALARA stands for ___________ and it measures _____

as low as possible | quantity

what is the exception of the 10 day rule fore women

``` Health Care Emergency ("Benefit Outweighs Harm") Negative Pregnancy Test Tubal ligation Hysterectomy Signed Informed Consent Release Form ```

95% or more of the blockers are the in _____ or _____of patient’s anatomy

upper left | lower right

Whats is required in order to decrease contrast

increase kV 15% but must decrease mAs 50% (increase grey)

What should you do in order to increase contrast

decrease kV 15% but must increase mAs 100% (increase B&W)

For over penetrated you want to decrease or increase kV

decrease

for under penetrated you want to increase or decrease kV

increase

for overexposed you want to increase or decrease mAs

decrease mAs by 50%

for underexposed you want to increase or decrease mAs

increase mAs by 100% or double

Acanthion ?

Mastoid Tip Line” is used for “neutral” lateral cervical spine

Occlusal

mastoid tip line used for a neutral AP open mouth

Aveolar Crest

Mastoid Tip Line” is used for “neutral” AP lower cervical

Midterm Flashcards

(67 cards)