The Filipino Values are divided into 5 categories:
- Pivotal-interpersonal values
- Linking socio-personal values
- Accommodative surface values
- Confrontational surface values
- Societal values
Filipinos use damdam, or the inner perception of others’ emotions, as a basic tool to guide his dealings with other people.
Pakiramdam: Shared inner perceptions.
Pivotal-interpersonal values
Pivotal-interpersonal values
Pakiramdam: Shared inner perceptions.
Linking socio-personal values
Kagandahang Loob or shared humanity
Accommodative surface values
- Hiya or sense of propriety
- Utang na loob or sense of reciprocity
- Pakikisama at pakikipagkapwa or smooth interpersonal relationships
Confrontative surface values
- Bahala na or fatalistic passiveness
- Lakas ng loob or determination
- Pakikibaka or concurrent clashes
Societal values
- Karangalan or dignity
a) puri
b) dangal - Katarungan or justice
- Kalayaan or freedom and mobility
This refers to being able to help other people in dire need due to a perception of being together as a part of one Filipino humanity.
Kagandahang loob or shared humanity
Loosely translated as ‘shame’ by most Western psychologists, It is actually _________________
Hiya
‘sense of propriety’.
Filipinos are expected by their neighbors to return favors-—whether these were asked for or not—-when it is needed or wanted.
Utang na Loob: Norm of reciprocity.
Smooth Interpersonal Relationship, or SIR, was coined by ________. This attitude is primarily guided by conformity with the majority.
Pakikisama and Pakikipagkapwa
Lynch
Describes the Filipino way of life, in which, he is determined to do his best, hence the term bahala na, which actually came from the phrase bathalan na, meaning ‘I will do all my best, let God take care of the rest’.
Bahala na or fatalistic passiveness
This attitude is characterized by being courageous in the midst of problems and uncertainties.
Lakas ng Loob:
It refers to the ability of the Filipino to undertake revolutions and uprisings against a common enemy.
Pakikibaka or concurrent clashes
This actually refers to what other people see in a person and how they use that information to make a stand or judge about his/her worth.
Karangalan or dignity
Two aspects of Karangalan
- Puri
2. Dangal
The external aspect of dignity. May refer to how other people judge a person of his/her worth.
Puri
The internal aspect of dignity. May refer to how a person judges his own worth.
Dangal
Refers to equity in giving rewards to a person.
Katarungan or justice
Ironically, this may clash with the less important value of pakikisama or pakikibagay (conformity).
Kalayaan: Freedom and mobility.
Approaches
Lapit
Methods
Pamamaraan
Considered as equal in status to the researcher.
Participants or kalahok
The participants are included in the research as a group, and not as individuals
Umpukan or natural cluster
The researcher is introduced to a natural cluster by a __________, who is a part of the umpukan and is a well-respected man in the community.
tulay (bridge)
In this method, the researcher engages in a story-telling with an umpukan.
Pakikipagkuwentuhan
The researcher merely serves as the ________, while the kalahok or participants are the ones who talk.
facilitator
The term kwento, from the Spanish word ____ literally means ‘to tell a story’.
cuento,
In this method, the researcher stays in the home of his kalahok or participant while he conducts the research with consent by the host family, whose head serves as the tulay to an umpukan.
Panunuluyan
In this method, the researcher occasionally visits the house of his host or tulay, as opposed to staying in the house.
Pagdadalaw-dalaw
In this method, the researcher undergoes a kind of questioning session with his kalahok or participants.
Pagtatanung-tanong
Those questions which directly refer to the topic being studied
Lead questions
In this approach, the researcher uses entirely his/her own feelings or emotions to justify if his participants or kalahok are ready to be part of his research or not.
Pakikiramdam
Damdam - literally means ____________
‘inner perception of emotions’.
In this approach, the researcher uses ‘groping’, or a mixture of feelings as well as circumstances, to justify his intrusion into the life of his/her participants or kalahok.
Pakapa-kapa
kapa - literally means ________
‘to grope in the dark’.
The study of abnormal psychology in the Filipino context.
psicopatologia in spanish
psychopathology in the philippines in english
sikopatolohiya sa Pilipinas sa tagalog
Several ‘mental’ disorders that have been identified and that can be found only in the Philippines or in other nations with which Filipinos share racial connections
- Amok
2. Bangungot
Malayan mood disorder, more aptly called ‘_______________’, in which a person suddenly loses control of himself and goes into a killing frenzy, after which he/she hallucinates and falls into a trance.
Austronesian Mood Disorder
Amok
A person suddenly loses control of his respiration and digestion, and falls into a coma and ultimately to death.
The person is believed to dream of falling into a deep abyss at the onset of his death.
Bangungot
Bangungot has been repeatedly linked to Thailand’s _______ and to the ingestion of rice. However, no such medical ties have been proven.
Brugada syndrome
Refers to the different manifestations of mental disorders in Filipino people.
Sikopatolohiya sa Pilipinas
The application of basic psychology to native healing practices loosely considered as ‘medicine’.
Filipino psychomedicine, or sikomedikal na sikolohiya in Filipino
Examples of Filipino psychomedicine
- hilot
- kulam
- Lihi
- Pasma
- Susto
- Pagtatawas
- The use of massage to aid a pregnant mother in the delivery of her child.
Hilot
Hex or bewitchment
Kulam
Kulam with insects ewwie
Barang
An intense craving for something or someone during pregnancy.
Lihi
A concept that explains how init (heat) and lamig (cold) together can result in illness, especially rheumatism.
Pasma
- Soul-flight. Derived from Latin American traditions.
Susto
A method of diagnosing illness wherein _____ (called tawas) is ritualistically used by the albularyo or medicine man for diagnosis of a variety of health conditions.
Pagtatawas
alum
Paraan ng pagtatawasa
- Cross the body part with tawas and with matching prasyon(bulong)
- It is then placed on glowing embers, removed when it starts to crack, then transferred to a small receptacle of water.
- As it cools, its softened form spreads on the water surface and assumes a shape that may suggest the cause of the illness, often one of several indigenous forces: dwarfs, devils or other evil spirits (na-nuno, na-kulam, na-demonyo).
- The water in the vehicle is then used to anoint the ailing part or parts of the body to counteract the evil forces or illness.
- The tawas is then discarded and thrown westward, preferably into the setting sun.
A concept that explains how a baby who has been greeted by a stranger acquires a mysterious illness.
Usog
Usog is apparently derived from the Spanish tradition of _______
Mal de Ojo.
The Cebuano concept of negative Karma.
Gabâ or gabaa
Pagbubutas ng bumbunan para mapalabas ang masamang espirito
Trepination
What are the major sections of the APA format research paper?
- Title page
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Participants
- Instruments
- Procedures
- Methods
- Results
- Discussion
- References
Margin
Line spacing
Title
1 inches on all sides
double spaced
10-12 words
Summarizes the whole paper in about 250 words
Abstract
Research purpose and variables
intro
Research design
methods
Participants
methods
major conclusions and implications of study
discussion
important limitations fo study and recommendations
discussion