Midterm

Question 1

5 levels of influence on behavior

Answer 1

Individual
interpersonal
institutional 
community
Public policy

Question 2

Health directed vs health related behaviors

Answer 2

Directed–> intentionally do it for the health benefits

Related–> do it for another reason but also get beneifts

Question 3

Primary prevention

Answer 3

Maintenance of health and intercepting onset of disease or injury

Question 4

Universal vs Specific public health approachs

Answer 4

Universal–> Entire groups treated regardless of risk factors
Specific–> Group is chosen based on predisposition or risk factors for disease

Question 5

Secondary prevention

Answer 5

Early stage of disease progression, restore health and minimize complications

Question 6

Tertiary Prevention

Answer 6

Late stage disease progression, improve health and prevent further organic damage. More individualized through the levels

Question 7

Prophylaxis

Answer 7

Public health mission of prevention

Question 8

4 dimensions to characterize potential audiences

Answer 8

Sociodemographic characteristics
Race/ethnic background
Lifecycle stage
Disease risk

Question 9

Explanatory theory

Answer 9

HBM–> theory of problem

Question 10

Change theory

Answer 10

TTM–> Theory of action

Question 11

precede- proceed model

Answer 11

Explain environmental and individual influence on behaviour. Plan health education programs. Key is involving the community at every stage

Question 12

PRECEDE

Answer 12

predisposing
reinforcing
enabling community
educationl/environmental diagnosis 
Evaluation
--- Planning stages

Question 13

PROCEED

Answer 13

policy
regulatory
organizational contructs
educational and environemntal development 
- evaluation phase

Question 14

Social and situational assessment

Answer 14

1) community based, participatory research, on needs, attitudes and beliefs of population. Partnership with stakeholders and community representatives

Question 15

Epidemiological/Behavioral/Environmental Assessment

Answer 15

2) identify behaviroal and personal influences on behavior. Find the prevalence and severity

Question 16

Educational/ecological assesment

Answer 16

3) Analyze each sub objective in part 2 and id the predisposong, reinforcing and enabling factors and prioritize importance

Question 17

Predisposing

Answer 17

Cogntiions that facilitate or hinder motivation towards change–> knowledge, attitudes and beliefs

Question 18

Reinforcing factors

Answer 18

Social or physical rewards that encourage behavior

Question 19

Enabling factors

Answer 19

Conditions that facilitate action . Resources that help or hinder change

Question 20

4 A’s of enabling

Answer 20

Accessible
Affordable
Available
Acceptable

Question 21

Administration/Policy Assessment and intervention alignment

Answer 21

4) Assess capacity and available resources to implement program and change policies

Question 22

Intervention Alignment

Answer 22

Divide goals into health education, changing policy, regualtion and organizational structure

Question 23

In what stage of pre/pro do you choose your theory

Answer 23

4) Admin/policy assessment and intevrention alignment

Question 24

Implementation

Answer 24

5) Availability of resources, time , policies and personnel

Question 25

Process Evaluation

Answer 25

6) See if program is being implemented properly and if targets are being met. Monitor and correct program

Question 26

Impact evaluation

Answer 26

7) Determines if immediate outcomes are being acheived

Question 27

Outcome evaluation

Answer 27

8) Determine if long-term health outcomes are being met based on changes in morbidity, mortality, QOL

Question 28

What does HBM study

Answer 28

Response to opportunities to detect disease and recieve diagnosis

Question 29

Value-expectancy theory

Answer 29

Desire to avoid sickness by belief in use of preventative tools. Change will occur if anticipated benefits outweight the costs wether immediate or delayed

Question 30

3 kinds of behavior under HBM

Answer 30

Preventative Illness Sick role

Question 31

HBM--> Behavior change will occur if

Answer 31

They believe they are suscpetible They believe serious consequences could result from impending conditions Action is available and may reduce threat Percieved benefits outweigh the costs Barriers are not strong enough to prevent action

Question 32

Percieved threat

Answer 32

Perceived susceptibility x perceived severity

Question 33

3 key constructs of HBM

Answer 33

Cues to action Self-efficacy Demographic and social factors

Question 34

Theory of reasoned action

Answer 34

How beliefs and intentions can effcet individual health behavior chnage

Question 35

What does TRA assume

Answer 35

People are rational, reason is the primary ruler of behavioral intent-->, does not consider irrational thought, or behaviors beyond our control

Question 36

4 components of TRA

Answer 36

Behavioral beliefs--> possible outcomes of behvaior Outcome evaluation: value placed on behavior Normative beliefs: how loved ones think we should behave Motivation to comply with wishes of others

Question 37

TPB

Answer 37

Adds perceived behavioural control and power to the TRA

Question 38

Perceived power

Answer 38

Difficulty to perform each behavior in control beliefs. Facilitating and inhibiting factors help or hinder

Question 39

Elicitation phase

Answer 39

TPB--> Interviews to find beliefs, attitudes and subjective norms

Question 40

3 principles of change under TTM

Answer 40

Decisional balance--> everyone values different things Self-efficacy Temptation

Question 41

6 stages of TTM

Answer 41

``` Pre contemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance Termination ```

Question 42

5 cognitive processes of change

Answer 42

Conciousness raising--> of yourself and others Dramatic relief: express emotions Self-reevaluation: incorporate chnage into sense of self Self-liberation: belief you can chnage and commit Environmental re-evaluation: impact of behavior on those around you-->, empathy tarining

Question 43

5 behavioral processes of change

Answer 43

Social liberation--> increase social opportunities Counter conditioning --> replace behaviro with healthy alternative Stimulus control--> remove triggering cues Reinforcement/contingency plan --> reward, rules Helping relationships

Question 44

3 types of temptation

Answer 44

Negative affect/social distress Positive social situation Cravings