Flashcards in Midterm Deck (38)
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1
Normal Flora of the Mouth
-Staphylococcus
-Streptococcus
-Neisseria
-Lactobacillus
-Corynebacterium
-Haemophilus
2
Normal Flora of the Nose/Sinus
-Streptococcus
-Haemophilus
-Neisseria
-Anaerobes
3
Normal Flora of the Skin
-Staphylococcus
-Streptococcus
-Corynebacterium
-Propionibacterium
4
Normal Flora of the Eye
-Neisseria
-Staphylococcus
-Streptococcus
-Corynebacterium
-Propionibacterium
5
Normal Flora of the Vagina
-Staphylococcus
-Streptococcus
-Lactobacillus
-Corynebacterium
-Pseudomonas
-Klebsiella
6
Normal Flora of the GIT
-Enterococcus
-Neisseria
-Salmonella, E. Coli
-Enterobacter
-Klebsiella
7
Normal Flora of the Ear
-Middle Ear: Sterile
-External Ear Canal: skin flora
8
Normal Flora of the Urinary Tract
Normally Sterile
9
Normal Flora of the CNS (CSF)
Normally Sterile
10
Normal Flora of the Blood
Normally Sterile
11
Normal Flora of the Bone and Joint
Normally Sterile
12
Staphylococcus Aureus
-Pathogen
-Gram Pos
-Normally in conjuctiva
-Ex// MRSA
-Opportunistic Pathogen: cause of many infections, some have developed resistant organism (MRSA, Methicillin)
13
Streptococcus Pyrogenes A
-Gram Pos
-Pathogen
-Normally in the skin, mucous membranes
-ex// Strep throat, necrotizing fascitis
-Beta-Hemolytic streptococci
-opportunistic
14
Clostridium
-pathogen
-Gram pos
- Normally in GIT
- ex// C.Diff, Tetanus, Botulism
- Bacterial and spore forms, anearobic
15
Enteric Gram Negative Rods
-Pathogen
-Gram Neg
-Normally in GIT
ex// Salmonella, E. Coli, EnteroBacter, Klebsiella
-like humid wet conditions
16
Neisseria
-pathogen
-gram neg
-Normally in skin, GIT, nose
-ex// Gonorrhea, Meningitis
-Gram neg diplococci dangerous to find in CSF (meningitis)
-cause gonnorrhea, meningititis
17
Chlamydia
-pathogen
-Can't be seen,must use PCR
- Not normally found on body
-ex// Respiratory, GU, and eye infection
-requires special transport
-Cannot be seen by gram staining
18
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
-pathogen
-Can't be seen, must use ACID Fast
- Not normally found in body
-Ex// tuberculosis
-Remember the words: ACID FAST Bacilli (AFB)
-requires special media for culture
19
Candida (Yeast)
-pathogen
-Is a fungus,
-Normally found on skin, mouth, vagina, GIT
-ex// Candidiasis
20
Crytococcus Neoformans (Yeast)
-pathogen
-Fungus
-Not normal Flora. In Bird Poop
-Meningitis, Lung infections
21
Aspergillus
-pathogen
-is a fungus
-not normal flora. In dust soil, decomposing stuff
-Nosocomial infections in neutropenic patients
22
Protozoa
-pathogen
-In urine, GIT, blood,
-ex// malaria
23
Viruses
-pathogen
-not normal flora
-many (common cold)
-ex// composed of DNA/RNA + capsid
24
Prions
-Pathogen
-not normal flora
-ex// creutzfe It, Jacob Disease, TSE, Mad Cow
-Can't be cultured
25
Beta-Lactams
-antibiotic
-Inhibits cell wall synthesis
-Side Effects: fever, diarrhea, hematologic, hepatic seizures
- Time Dependent
26
Fluroquinolones
-antibody
-Inhibits DNA synthesis
-Side Effects: GI, C. Diff, Tendon Rupture, QT interval
-Concentration Dependent
-Contradicted for Peds/Warfarin users
27
Aminoglycosides
-antibiotics
-inhibit protein synthesis
-Side effects: renal/ vestibular toxicity
-Concentration dependent
28
Macrolides & Ketolides
-antibiotics
-Inhibit protein synthesis
-Side effects: GI, QT interval
- Time and Conc. dependent.
29
Clindamycin
-antibiotic
-Inhibits protein syntesis
-Side: GI, C. Diff
-Time dependent
30
Metronidazole
-antibiotic
-Cytotoxic via free radicals
-Side: GI, neuropathy, disulfiram effect
31
Vancomycin
-Antibiotic
-inhibit cell wall synthesis
-Side: redman syndrome, (histamine response)
32
Tetracylines
-antibiotic
-inhibit protein synthesis
-Side: GI, esophageal erosion, photosensitivy
33
Sulfonamides
-antibiotics
-inhibit bacterial folic acid pathway
-Side: GI, rash, kernicterus, bone marrow toxicity
34
Enterococcus spp
-enterococci are part of normal fecal flora
-Can colonize oral mucous membranes and skin
-Seldom cause diseas
-Host resistance is low, can spread to sterile sites (urine, blood)
-can cause nosocomial infections when acquire resistance to multiple antibiotics (VRE)
-in pairs (diplococci) or short chains
35
Clostridium
-anaerobic bacteria, will die if exposed to oxygen
-bacterial and spore forms
-must be transported to lab in airtight containers or special transport media
-very resistant to chemical disinfectants
36
PCR
-Polymerase Chain reaction
- DNA amplification techniques
37
Microbes that cause illnesses in humans
-bacteria
-fungi
-parasites
-viruses
-prions
38
