Midterm Flashcards
(38 cards)
1
Q
Normal Flora of the Mouth
A
- Staphylococcus
- Streptococcus
- Neisseria
- Lactobacillus
- Corynebacterium
- Haemophilus
2
Q
Normal Flora of the Nose/Sinus
A
- Streptococcus
- Haemophilus
- Neisseria
- Anaerobes
3
Q
Normal Flora of the Skin
A
- Staphylococcus
- Streptococcus
- Corynebacterium
- Propionibacterium
4
Q
Normal Flora of the Eye
A
- Neisseria
- Staphylococcus
- Streptococcus
- Corynebacterium
- Propionibacterium
5
Q
Normal Flora of the Vagina
A
- Staphylococcus
- Streptococcus
- Lactobacillus
- Corynebacterium
- Pseudomonas
- Klebsiella
6
Q
Normal Flora of the GIT
A
- Enterococcus
- Neisseria
- Salmonella, E. Coli
- Enterobacter
- Klebsiella
7
Q
Normal Flora of the Ear
A
- Middle Ear: Sterile
- External Ear Canal: skin flora
8
Q
Normal Flora of the Urinary Tract
A
Normally Sterile
9
Q
Normal Flora of the CNS (CSF)
A
Normally Sterile
10
Q
Normal Flora of the Blood
A
Normally Sterile
11
Q
Normal Flora of the Bone and Joint
A
Normally Sterile
12
Q
Staphylococcus Aureus
A
- Pathogen
- Gram Pos
- Normally in conjuctiva
- Ex// MRSA
- Opportunistic Pathogen: cause of many infections, some have developed resistant organism (MRSA, Methicillin)
13
Q
Streptococcus Pyrogenes A
A
- Gram Pos
- Pathogen
- Normally in the skin, mucous membranes
- ex// Strep throat, necrotizing fascitis
- Beta-Hemolytic streptococci
- opportunistic
14
Q
Clostridium
A
- pathogen
- Gram pos
- Normally in GIT
- ex// C.Diff, Tetanus, Botulism
- Bacterial and spore forms, anearobic
15
Q
Enteric Gram Negative Rods
A
-Pathogen
-Gram Neg
-Normally in GIT
ex// Salmonella, E. Coli, EnteroBacter, Klebsiella
-like humid wet conditions
16
Q
Neisseria
A
- pathogen
- gram neg
- Normally in skin, GIT, nose
- ex// Gonorrhea, Meningitis
- Gram neg diplococci dangerous to find in CSF (meningitis)
- cause gonnorrhea, meningititis
17
Q
Chlamydia
A
- pathogen
- Can’t be seen,must use PCR
- Not normally found on body
- ex// Respiratory, GU, and eye infection
- requires special transport
- Cannot be seen by gram staining
18
Q
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
A
- pathogen
- Can’t be seen, must use ACID Fast
- Not normally found in body
- Ex// tuberculosis
- Remember the words: ACID FAST Bacilli (AFB)
- requires special media for culture
19
Q
Candida (Yeast)
A
- pathogen
- Is a fungus,
- Normally found on skin, mouth, vagina, GIT
- ex// Candidiasis
20
Q
Crytococcus Neoformans (Yeast)
A
- pathogen
- Fungus
- Not normal Flora. In Bird Poop
- Meningitis, Lung infections
21
Q
Aspergillus
A
- pathogen
- is a fungus
- not normal flora. In dust soil, decomposing stuff
- Nosocomial infections in neutropenic patients
22
Q
Protozoa
A
- pathogen
- In urine, GIT, blood,
- ex// malaria
23
Q
Viruses
A
- pathogen
- not normal flora
- many (common cold)
- ex// composed of DNA/RNA + capsid
24
Q
Prions
A
- Pathogen
- not normal flora
- ex// creutzfe It, Jacob Disease, TSE, Mad Cow
- Can’t be cultured
25
Beta-Lactams
- antibiotic
- Inhibits cell wall synthesis
- Side Effects: fever, diarrhea, hematologic, hepatic seizures
- Time Dependent
26
Fluroquinolones
- antibody
- Inhibits DNA synthesis
- Side Effects: GI, C. Diff, Tendon Rupture, QT interval
- Concentration Dependent
- Contradicted for Peds/Warfarin users
27
Aminoglycosides
- antibiotics
- inhibit protein synthesis
- Side effects: renal/ vestibular toxicity
- Concentration dependent
28
Macrolides & Ketolides
- antibiotics
- Inhibit protein synthesis
- Side effects: GI, QT interval
- Time and Conc. dependent.
29
Clindamycin
- antibiotic
- Inhibits protein syntesis
- Side: GI, C. Diff
- Time dependent
30
Metronidazole
- antibiotic
- Cytotoxic via free radicals
- Side: GI, neuropathy, disulfiram effect
31
Vancomycin
- Antibiotic
- inhibit cell wall synthesis
- Side: redman syndrome, (histamine response)
32
Tetracylines
- antibiotic
- inhibit protein synthesis
- Side: GI, esophageal erosion, photosensitivy
33
Sulfonamides
- antibiotics
- inhibit bacterial folic acid pathway
- Side: GI, rash, kernicterus, bone marrow toxicity
34
Enterococcus spp
- enterococci are part of normal fecal flora
- Can colonize oral mucous membranes and skin
- Seldom cause diseas
- Host resistance is low, can spread to sterile sites (urine, blood)
- can cause nosocomial infections when acquire resistance to multiple antibiotics (VRE)
- in pairs (diplococci) or short chains
35
Clostridium
- anaerobic bacteria, will die if exposed to oxygen
- bacterial and spore forms
- must be transported to lab in airtight containers or special transport media
- very resistant to chemical disinfectants
36
PCR
- Polymerase Chain reaction
| - DNA amplification techniques
37
Microbes that cause illnesses in humans
- bacteria
- fungi
- parasites
- viruses
- prions
38
Types of Enteric Gram Negative Rods
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Pseudomonas (-rod)
Haemophilus Influenzae (-coccobacili)
Neisseria
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