Midterm Flashcards
(324 cards)
Anything that takes up space and has mass
Matter
A substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions
Element
Examples of elements:
Gold
Copper
Silver
Oxygen
Substance consisting of two or more elements combined in a fixed ratio
Compound
Which elements make up 96% of living matter
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
CHON
What are trace elements
Elements required by organisms in only small quantities
The smallest units of an element that still retains the property of the element
Atom
What is an atom made of
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom
Proton
Negatively charged particles found in electron shells around the nucleus of an atom
Electrons
Particles with no charge, found in the nucleus of an atom
Neutron
Elements that have a varying number of neutrons in its atoms
Isotopes
What is the atomic number
The number of protons an element has
What is mass number
The sum of protons and neutrons an element has
Interactions between the valence electrons of different atoms
Chemical bonds
What do chemical bonds do
Hold together atoms to form molecules
When valence electrons are shared by two atoms
Covalent bond
What are nonpolar covalent bonds
When the electrons being shared are shared equally between two atoms
What are polar covalent bonds
There’s unequal sharing of electrons
What’s an ionic bond
The more electronegative atom steals the electron from the less electronegative atom
What is an ion
The resulting charged atom after an ionic bond occurs
What is a hydrogen bond
Weak bonds between a hydrogen atom and an oxygen or nitrogen
Starting materials of a chemical reaction
Reactants
Ending materials of a chemical reaction
Products