Midterm

Question 1

In relation to the contrast between spanish america and post independence brazil, Spanish america has what kind of government?

Answer 1

Monarchy, nominally replaced by republic with constitution (democracy, federalism, popular soverignty)

Question 2

In relation to the contrast between spanish america and post independence brazil, Brazil had what kind of government?

Answer 2

Monarchy nominally replaced by constitutional monarchy (Less drastic changes)

Question 3

In relation to brazil they weere the last country to abolish?

Answer 3

Slavery

Question 4

Which latin american country has the last war of independence?

Answer 4

Brazil

Question 5

What country was the least militarized country until the 18`30s?

Answer 5

Brazil

Question 6

Why was Brazil never reaally militarized pre and post independence?

Answer 6

Not enough time to militarize during pre independence, and no need to post independence

Question 7

In relation to continuity of indegenious labor of independence, what is Pongo?

Answer 7

Unpaid labor

Question 8

In relation to continuity of indegenious labor of independence, what is Mitaje?

Answer 8

Unpaid or lowly paid labor. Communties had to send small groups every now and then to complete labor such as building of infrastructure

Question 9

In relation to continuity of indegenious labor of independence, what is Advanced payment?

Answer 9

Mechanism used to put indeginious folks in debt and making them pay it off through forced or coercered labor

Question 10

In relation to continuity of indegenious labor of independence, what did colonialist repay the indians with?

Answer 10

they repaid them by converting them to catholicsism and they sae yhis as an advantage or helping them out in exchange for their unpaid labor and land

Question 11

Are conservatives or Liberals more likiely to embrace: Less free market economics, Increased influence fro the church, and Supported trade guilds and corporatism?

Answer 11

Conservatives

Question 12

Are conservatives or Liberals more likiely to embrace: Individualism, more free market economics, reduced influence of catholic church, and the opposition of trade guilds?

Answer 12

Liberals

Question 13

Why do liberals oppose trade guilds?

Answer 13

because artisans and tade guilds could charge fixed rates and that went against free mrket economics

Question 14

What are some factors that influenced Caudillos?

Answer 14

Political instability

initial wars of independence giving status to caudillos or army generals

force, charisma and patronage made them appealing to people

Question 15

In relation to the means caudillos used to exercise power, how did they use charisma?

Answer 15

used charisma of being macho and masculine to form alliances

Question 16

In relation to the means caudillos used to exercise power, how did they use Force?

Answer 16

They used force with their armies henchmen etc to influence their overal goals andf get what they wanted- loans, political representation

Question 17

In relation to the means caudillos used to exercise power, how did they use Patronage?

Answer 17

Distribution of benefits in exchange for political support; no clear distinction between caudillo’s personal property and public funds

Question 18

In relation to the means caudillos used to exercise power, how did they use, Republican Rhetoric?

Answer 18

Partciapation in election, to demonstrate, charisma, patronage and force

found ways to justify actions as legal

stuffed ballot boxes to rig elections

Question 19

In relation to the continuity of black slavery after independence what year was slavery abolished in Mexico?

Answer 19

1830

Question 20

In relation to the continuity of black slavery after independence what year was slavery abolished in Bolivia?

Answer 20

1831

Question 21

In relation to the continuity of black slavery after independence what year was slavery abolished in colombia and ecuador?

Answer 21

1851

Question 22

In relation to the continuity of black slavery after independence what year was slavery abolished in venezuela and peru ?

Answer 22

1854

Question 23

In relation to the continuity of black slavery after independence what year was slavery abolished in puerto rico ?

Answer 23

1873

Question 24

In relation to the continuity of black slavery after independence what year was slavery abolished in cuba?

Answer 24

1886`

Question 25

What country was the last to abolish slavery?

Answer 25

brazil

Question 26

Why did brazil keep black slaves the longest?

Answer 26

large number of sugar plantations that heavily relied on slave labor from africa

Question 27

What was a different name for cattle ranchers?

Answer 27

Estancias

Question 28

What does it mean to say that cattle ranchers were priveleged workers?

Answer 28

although they didnt make a lot of money they were mobile and had a lot of freedom

Question 29

What did catte ranchers maily raise?

Answer 29

Livestocks on irrigated plains

Question 30

What were estancia owners called?

Answer 30

Estanceieros

Question 31

What products were important to cattle ranchers?

Answer 31

Beef jerky, hides, tallow

Question 32

What is another name for cowboys

Answer 32

Gauchos(argentina uraguay southrn brazil) llaneros (colombia venezuela charros (mexico)

Question 33

what were the charros a sybol of?

Answer 33

machismo and romanticized masculinity

Question 34

Where was the rio de la plata?

Answer 34

River/bay between uruguay and argentina

Question 35

In relation to Rosas rise and fall from power, He was the son of a?

Answer 35

wealthy land owner, and he was considered lazy so his parents kicked him out

Question 36

In relation to Rosas rise and fall from power, When his parents kicked him out what did he become?

Answer 36

A gaucho and after saving enough money started his own cattke ranch

Question 37

In relation to Rosas rise and fall from power, When his dad died what happened?

Answer 37

He inherited his land

Question 38

In relation to Rosas rise and fall from power, in 1829 he was elected as?

Answer 38

Govenor of bueno aries

Question 39

In relation to Rosas rise and fall from power, why was he liked so much?

Answer 39

He had the mentality of cowboys and he had wealth so he was liked by all he was close to gauchos had conservative support: cattle ranchers, catholic church

Question 40

In relation to Rosas rise and fall from power, he enacted use of force intimidation asscinantions. and what were his henchmens names?

Answer 40

La mazorca

Question 41

In relation to Rosas rise and fall from power, Peopl ewore what color ribbon toshow their support for him?

Answer 41

red

Question 42

In relation to Rosas rise and fall from power, he ruled without what?

Answer 42

A constitution

Question 43

In relation to Rosas rise and fall from power, with the declining power of cattle ranchers what became important?

Answer 43

Sheep ranching an agriculture

Question 44

In relation to Rosas rise and fall from power, Who ousted rosas in 1852?

Answer 44

Urquiza

Question 45

In relation to santa annas role in post independence mexico, , when did santa anna come in?

Answer 45

Between 1833-50 during extreme political instability and factionalism, presidency cabged 30 times

Question 46

In relation to santa annas role in post independence mexico How many times was he elected president?

Answer 46

11

Question 47

In relation to santa annas role in post independence mexico, what was the importance of texas independence (1835-36)

Answer 47

Began as us settlers uprising against centralism, abolitionism and rising taxes el almo and golid

Question 48

In relation to santa annas role in post independence mexico when was he captured? what happened?

Answer 48

1836- forced to sign government granting texas their independence (shortly after us annexed texas)

Question 49

In relation to santa annas role in post independence mexico What was the Pastry war?

Answer 49

French govt tries to get mexican govt to pay back loans

Question 50

In relation to santa annas role in post independence mexico, While at war santa anna lost what body part and paraded it?

Answer 50

leg

Question 51

What were the causes of the mexican american ewar?

Answer 51

Manifest destiny ideology of US, anexxation of texas Mexican factionalism Treaty of guadalupe hidalgo

Question 52

What is Manifest destiny ideology?

Answer 52

People in us had divine right to teritory or were better than everyone else because of their religion

Question 53

What is the annexation of texas?

Answer 53

problems with perpetuatiion of slvry-

Question 54

What is Mexican factionalism?

Answer 54

Disruption and instabilityy within the government at the time

Question 55

In 1846, james k polk sent 5 armies into mexico and slaughtered them to proceed with annexation and acusition of texas? t o f?

Answer 55

t

Question 56

What was the treaty of guadalupe hidalgo?

Answer 56

Treaty that resuted in mexico losing half of their territory

Question 57

In relation to coffee production in Brazil, brazil had a stable economy due to?

Answer 57

dependence on plantation economy

Question 58

In relation to coffee production in Brazil, coffee was one of the?

Answer 58

Largest exports

Question 59

In relation to coffee production in Brazil, they had a reliance on what for production?

Answer 59

Black slavery. 1 million slaves

Question 60

Why was slavery abolished in brazil?

Answer 60

because of war with venezuela which drafted slaves, as a result coffee production became less important

Question 61

What is nationalism?

Answer 61

The state should embody a national community united by ethbnicity religion language common culture and history

Question 62

What did nationalism play a role in?

Answer 62

Caudillo success

Question 63

Nationalism helped gain supoort for?

Answer 63

Independence

Question 64

What is Positivism?

Answer 64

European and us ideology presumably based on science

Question 65

What did positivists state?

Answer 65

Order and peace were necesary for progress and modernization

Question 66

What is Progress/ Moernity?

Answer 66

Material Improvement and overall change

Question 67

What is an example of modernity?

Answer 67

Tains, industry, etc

Question 68

What is Moderniation?

Answer 68

The impact of progress. | / modernity on the economy society politics and culture

Question 69

What are some techonological examples of modernity?

Answer 69

Steam engines telegraphgaslighting barbed wire refigerated shipping

Question 70

What did technology increase?

Answer 70

Exports and geowth of revenues both public and private

Question 71

In relation to modernity and modernization who gained a greater amount of wealth?

Answer 71

elite factions

Question 72

What did Modernity and modernization result in more dependence on?

Answer 72

Euripe and us for resources

Question 73

What is Marterial modernixztion?

Answer 73

In “The President” - urban expansion; experience of traveling by train; experience of watching movies or “moving pictures”; experience of looking at photographs; circulation of mass-produced newspa pers.

Question 74

What is Dependence theory?

Answer 74

Unequal economic relationshio had negative effects fostering economic and political dependence

Question 75

What is this an example of "By nature of being a primary good economy they were at the mercy of foreign demand more so than if they could manufacture their own goods using these raw materials

Answer 75

Dependence theory

Question 76

What is Diffusionist theory?

Answer 76

Foreign capital, technology, values, immigrants to latin america were positive rather than negative invention and industrilization spread out promotion change and prosperity

Question 77

What are some of the charecteristics of the femal carecters from TORN FROM THE NEST?

Answer 77

All women have stron morality indians tolrate abusebut are willing to learn whute women stick up for indians mato de turner believes in structural functionalism- everyone has a placd in society, best not to disrupt hierarchy

Question 78

What were matto de turners primary idas on education?

Answer 78

Only theough education will indian people occupy a superior level and achieve genuine modernity education as a cultural vehicle of modernization lack of education =immorality all of positive charecters posses education

Question 79

In relation to the early 20th century political tactics or practces in central america as presented in the preseident, citizens had no role in?

Answer 79

decision making

Question 80

In relation to the early 20th century political tactics or practces in central america as presented in the preseident, the government controlled the role of the media using principles such as use of?

Answer 80

Mass survei=llience, regulaiton of free speech and criticism, and widespred fear of totlitarian regime

Question 81

In relation to the early 20th century political tactics or practces in central america as presented in the preseident, The system tried to weaken societu through the use of?

Answer 81

Secret police intimidation, murder rumors and forced silence

Question 82

In relation to the early 20th century political tactics or practces in central america as presented in the preseident, there was no rule of?

Answer 82

Law

Question 83

In relation to the early 20th century political tactics or practces in central america as presented in the preseident, what are some notable acts deployed

Answer 83

patronage arbitary vilence, arbitrary detention and political imprisionment, intimidationm flattery, secrecy, spying, assisnation torture, humiliation

Question 84

In relation to the early 20th century political patterns or arrangements in central america as presented in the preseident, Who ruled?

Answer 84

men, specifically president who orchestrated corruption behind closed doors

Question 85

In relation to the early 20th century political patterns or arrangements in central america as presented in the preseident, The oppression faced in asturias imanginary country portrays the domination and injustice that plagued latin america for years and is now affecting its culture? t o f?

Answer 85

t

Question 86

In relation to the early 20th century political patterns or arrangements in central america as presented in the preseident, What were the main charecteristics meantioned?

Answer 86

authoritarianism; corruption; weak governmental institutions; Judiciary’s lack of independence from the Executive branch; use of the military and police for partisan political purposes; rigged elections. Facade of democratic re-election of President