Midterm

Question 1

What is high performance work systems

Answer 1

An interrelated system of Human Resource practices and policies that usually includes rigorous recruitment and selection procedures, performance - contingent incentive compensation, performance management, a commitment to employee involvement, and extensive training and development programs

Question 2

Human resource development

Answer 2

Systematic and planned activities that are designed by an organization to provide employees with opportunities to learn necessary skills to meet current and future job demand

Question 3

Performance management

Answer 3

The process of establishing performance goals and designing interventions and programs to motivate and develop employees to improve their performance

Question 4

Strategic human resource management

Answer 4

The alignment of Human Resources practices with an organizations business strategy

Question 5

Communities of practice

Answer 5

Groups of employees who share similar concerns and problems and meet regularly to debate their experiences and knowledge, learn from eachother, and identify new approaches for working and solving problems

Question 6

Intellectual capital

Answer 6

An organizations knowledge experience, relationships, process discoveries, innovations, marketing presence and community influence

Question 7

learning culture

Answer 7

the attitudes and practices within the organization regarding the importance placed on organizational learning and employee development

Question 8

mental models

Answer 8

deeply engrained assumptions, generalizations or images that influence how we understand the world and how we take action.

Question 9

tacit knowledge

Answer 9

knowledge that is learned from experiences and insight, and has been defined as intuition know-how, little tricks and judgement

Question 10

chaining

Answer 10

the reinforcement of entire sequences of tasks

Question 11

declarative knowledge

Answer 11

knowledge fact and information

Question 12

intrinsic motivation

Answer 12

motivation that stems from a direct relationship between a worker and the task

Question 13

locus of control

Answer 13

peoples beliefs about whether their behaviour is controlled mainly by internal or external forces

Question 14

physiological and psychological desires

Answer 14

needs

Question 15

self-efficacy

Answer 15

beliefs that people have about their ability to successfully perform a specific task

Question 16

competency

Answer 16

a cluster of related knowledge, skills and abilities that enables the job holder to perform effectively

Question 17

organizational analysis

Answer 17

the study of the entire organization, including its strategy, environment, resources and content

Question 18

person anlaysis

Answer 18

an analysis of tasks as well as the team based competencies (knowledge, skills, and attitudes) associated with the tasks

Question 19

job instruction training

Answer 19

a formalized structured, and systematic approach to on the job training that consists of four steps: preparation, instruction, performance and follow up

Question 20

job rotation

Answer 20

training method in which trainees are exposed to different jobs, functions and areas in an organization

Question 21

coaching

Answer 21

an experienced and knowledgable person is formally called upon to her another person develop the insights and techniques pertinent to the accomplishment of their job

Question 22

case study

Answer 22

a training method in which trainees discuss, analyze and solve problems based on a real situation

Question 23

behaviour modelling training

Answer 23

a training method in which trainees observe a model performing a task and then attempt to imitate the observed behavior

Question 24

what are the five phases of training design

Answer 24

1. training objectives
   - a statement of what trainees should be able to do after a training program
2. decide to purchase or design a training program
3. create a request for proposal to purchase training services and programs
   - created for vendors and consultants to see if they can help the organization
4. Determine the training content
   - must be based on the training needs and objectives
5. decide on the training methods
   - -productive responses, blended training

Question 25

What is the ACT theory

Answer 25

learning that takes place in three stages; declarative knowledge, knowledge compilation, procedural knowledge.

Question 26

First stage: declarative knowledge

Answer 26

Involves the learning of knowledge, facts and information. Performance is resource dependant because all of your attention and cognitive resources are required to focus and learn.

Question 27

Second Stage: knowledge compilation

Answer 27

Involves integrating tasks into sequences to simplify and streamline the task, turns declarative knowledge into action. Performance becomes faster and more accurate but still fragmented.

Question 28

Third and final stage: procedural knowledge

Answer 28

the learner has mastered the task and performance is automatic and habitual; resource insensitive

Question 29

What are the implications the ACT theory for training purposes?

Answer 29

1. recognizes that learning is sequential and stage like process 2. it indicates that different types of learning take place at different stages 2. motivational interventions might be more or less effective depending on the stage of learning

Question 30

What is social learning within the social cognitive theory

Answer 30

central premise of social cognitive theory which means learning through interactions with others. formal or informal. involves three key components: observation, self efficacy, and self regulation.

Question 31

What is observation

Answer 31

learning by observing the actions of others and the consequences. four elements are critical for observational learning to take place: attention, retention, reproduction, and reinforcement

Question 32

what is self efficacy

Answer 32

beliefs that people have about their ability to successfully perform a specific task. influenced by four sources of information: task mastery, observation, verbal persuasion, and social influence, and ones physiological or emotional state.

Question 33

what is self regulation

Answer 33

managing ones own behaviour through a series of internal processes. self regulated learning is the use of affective, cognitive, and behavioural processes during a learning experience to reach a desired level of acheivment.

Question 34

what is the adult learning theory

Answer 34

called andragogy involves making the learning experience of adults more consistent with their needs and experiences. should be self directed and problem centred and should take into account the learners existing knowledge and experience

Question 35

what is the conditioning theory

Answer 35

three steps where there is a cue or stimulus that attracts attention, and then our behaviour which is the response or set of responses and then the positive or negative reinforcement or consequence. Shaping, chaining, generalization

Question 36

what is shaping

Answer 36

the reinforcement of each step in a process until it is mastered

Question 37

what is chaining

Answer 37

the reinforcement of entire sequences of a task

Question 38

what is generalization

Answer 38

the conditioned response occurs in circumstances different from those during learning

Question 39

4 key elements of desired outcome for training objectives

Answer 39

1. who is to perform the desired behaviour? 2. what is the actual behaviour to be used to demonstrate mastery of the content or objective 3. where and when is the behaviour to be demonstrated and evaluated 4. what is the standard by which the behaviour will be judged.

Question 40

what are the purchase training decision factors

Answer 40

``` cost-benefit analysis time (to design program) expertise time (implementation timeline) number of employees who need training extent to which future employees will require training ```

Question 41

what is active pracice

Answer 41

providing trainees the opportunities to practice performing a task using knowledge during training

Question 42

what is emotion control

Answer 42

a strategy to help trainees control their emotions during active learning

Question 43

How does EMT improve learning and performance?

Answer 43

1. erros inform trainees of knowledge and skills that need improvement - helps focus 2. forces trainees to develop thoughtful strategies and deeper information processing 3. errors lead to greater practice 4. errors force trainees to learn error recovery strategies 5. errors lead to greater exploration

Question 44

what are the advantages of the case study method?

Answer 44

1. real work experience 2. time management 3. identification of core issues - solutions 4. develops critical thinking and decision making skills helps develop presentation skills

Question 45

what are the disadvantages of the case study method

Answer 45

1. if trainer or coach is not qualified, can impact learning 2. trainees must have a base line of knowledge to analyze cases 3. cases can be long and poorly written. difficult to know what to omit.

Question 46

what are the three phases in role play experience

Answer 46

1. development 2. enactment 3. debriefing

Question 47

what is self efficacy influenced by

Answer 47

1. task performance outcomes 2. observation 3. verbal persuasion and social influence 4. physiological/ emotional state

Question 48

implications of the conditioning theory?

Answer 48

trainees should be encouraged and reinforced throughout the training process and training will be effective

Question 49

Why conduct a training needs analysis?

Answer 49

1. to determine if the appropriate KSA's required to do the job are identified and present 2. To determine if the KSA's of the employees in that job are present, only those needing training are trained 2. So roadblocks to transfer training are identified and then removed

Question 50

what is task (operational) analysis

Answer 50

The process of obtaining info about a job by determining the tasks and activities involved and the KSA's required to perform the task

Question 51

what are the 6 steps in a task analysis

Answer 51

1. identify target jobs 2. obtain a job description 3. develop rating scales (importance, difficulty, frequency) 4, Survey a sample of incumbents 5. analyze and interpret information 6. provide feedback on the results

Question 52

what are some needs analysis methods

Answer 52

- observation - questionaires - key consultation - print media - interviews - group discussion - tests - records, reports - work samples