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Official Grade Seven Science > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

(114 cards)

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1
Q

The study of the relationship between living organisms and their environments is called:

A

Ecology

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2
Q

A scientist who studies interactions between abiotic and biotic parts of the environment is called a…?

A

Ecologist

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3
Q

Where does the word ecology come from?

A

It comes from the Greek word meaning “home”

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4
Q

When was the last swift fox seen in Alberta?

A

1928

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5
Q

What happened to the Swift Foxes?

A

They were accidently killed in the early 1900s when people used poison to control the wolves and coyotes

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6
Q

What are the basic needs of an animal?

A

Food, air to breathe, shelter and water

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7
Q

Food provides animals with nutrients such as fat, protein and carbohydrates which help animals…

A

grow, repair, and reproduce

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8
Q

Plants use carbon dioxide and “breathe” out…

A

oxygen

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9
Q

Animals breathe in oxygen and breathe out…

A

carbon dioxide

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10
Q

An inherited characteristic that helps an organism survive in its environment

A

an adaptation

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11
Q

An example of an adaptation is

A

Robin’s feet

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12
Q

The interactions between living and non living things in a particular environment is called an

A

ecosystem

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13
Q

All living things such as trees and animals and all the non-living things such as the sunlight and the air are…

A

interacting

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14
Q

When two species live closely together in a relationship that lasts over time is called…

A

symbiosis

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15
Q

Mutualism

A

a relationship between two different organisms in which each partner benefits from the relationship

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16
Q

What kind of relationship do ants and aphids have?

A

Symbiotic

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17
Q

How many types of symbiotic relationships are there and what are their names?

A

3:
- Mutualism
- Commensalism
- Parasitism

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18
Q

An organism that meets its needs at the expense of the other organism is what kind of relationship?

A

parasitism

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19
Q

A symbiotic relationship in which one partner benefits and the other partner appears neither to lose nor gain from the relationship

A

Commensalism

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20
Q

An example of commensalism

A

An orchid plant attached high up on a tree trunk

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21
Q

Natural resources are

A

materials and products that are found in nature to meet our basic needs

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22
Q

What are some examples of natural resources we use?

A

trees, water, oil and minerals

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23
Q

Many human technologies depend on

A

natural resources

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24
Q

An example of using technologies for natural resources is

A

generating electricity from trapping the energy from nature

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25
Human needs often conflict with the needs of other living things such as when...
humans drive cars which harm the ecosystem with pollution
26
The major cause of songbird fatality in toronto is
the birds are attracted to the lights of the buildings and crash into the glass
27
How has the relationship between humans and their environment changed in Alberta since the time of the first settlers arrived here?
When settlers came they has a relatively low impact on the environment as all the goods were local. Now we import form other places which makes a larger impact on the environment
28
Why would our impact on the environment be different if we ate only locally grown food?
It would take less fuel and land to feed people who are eating locally
29
Describe how you use water as a need
to drink to stay hydrated
30
Describe how you use water as a need
Taking really long, hot showers
31
The environmental biologist who helps governments and developers use their land in a way that preserves the existing wildlife is names
Linda Sober
32
Shipping food from other countries is a (want or need)
Want
33
A computer game is a (want or need)
want
34
Feeding yourself properly is a (want or need)
need
35
Using resources in a way that allows nature to renew them quicker than they are being used is called
sustainability
36
How much land does the average Canadian need to sustain him/herself
4.3 hectares of land
37
the calculation of the total area of land and water to supply all the materials and energy a huamn uses as well as absorb the waste produced
Ecological footprint
38
Carpooling saves energy by
Using one less car to drive two people as opposed to driving in two separate cars
39
Example of reducing
limiting the amount of garbage you produce
40
Using things over and over again is called
reusing
41
Converting garbage into reusable material is called
recycling
42
Example of recycling
composting kitchen scraps
43
Blue box program
a waste management program that turns recyclables into goods
44
Technologists have figured out how to turn plastic into...
what they were originally made from
45
Another word for living parts of an ecosystem
biotic
46
types of biotic things
humans, trees, animals
47
abiotic
word for non-living things
48
example of abiotic
air, water, soil
49
soil contains abiotic parts such as
minerals
50
the role that is undertaken by an organism in an ecosystem
niche
51
How do you determine an organisms niche?
look at what it eats, where it lives and how it interacts with the other organisms in the ecosystem
52
Plants and algae are able to grow using the energy from the sun and nutrients from the soil. They fill the niche called
producers
53
What are the three types of niches?
Producers, consumers and decomposers
54
Consumers
eat food made by producers
55
Consumers are divided into what three groups?
herbivores, carnivores and omnivores
56
animals that only eat producers are called
herbivores
57
animals that only eat other consumers are called
carnivores
58
examples of herbivores
cows, deer
59
Examples of carnivores
lion, cougar
60
Predators are
consumers that kill and eat other animals called prey
61
Omnivores are animals that
each both plants and animals
62
Koalas are endangered because
eucalyptus forests were cut down to make room for farms and other developments
63
the total mass of living matter often expressed in dry weight or unti per area is called
biomass
64
Fibre
the tissue of the plants stem, leaves, seeds or roots
65
HOw do humans use plants?
food, clothing, paper and building materials
66
Plants are critical to the ecosystem because
they produce oxygen that most organisms need for life
67
Cotton is a
natural fibre used by humans for centuries
68
the world's most important non-edible plant is
cottom
69
the oldest cultivated plant in the world that has less negative effect on the environment
hemp
70
Flax
a food a fibre crop grown in the northern cooler regions of the world
71
how many medicines are made from plants
more than 7000
72
the movement of a fluid from an area of higher concentration to an area of low concentration
diffusion
73
Differentially permeable
some materials are allowed to pass through
74
Osmosis
the diffusion of water through a differentially permeable membrane
75
the part of the plant that absorbs water and minerals from the soil. It also acts as an anchor for the plant so that it is not blown away or washed away.
Roots
76
A taproot has numerous
small roots coming out of it
77
The smaller parts of the roots that increase the ability of the plant to absorb water and nutrients from the soil
root hairs
78
Fibrous roots
a shallow system of similar-sized roots that can quickly soak up moisture
79
Diffusion and osmosis are two key processes that allow
roots to absorb water and dissolve substances such as materials
80
Where do the water and dissolved nutrients go after they are absorbed by roots?
The stems transport water between the leaves and roots
81
What are the 5 layers of the tree
1. Heartwood 2. Xylem 3. Cambium 4. Phloem 5. Bark
82
Heartwood
the dead wood centre of the tree that gives the tree its strength
83
Xylem
carries water and nutrients from the roots up to the leaves. As new layers develop, the inner layers die and become heartwood.
84
Cambium
the growing part of the trunk.
85
Each year the cambium produces new
phloem and xylem
86
Phloem
the layer of cells that carries sugars from the leaves to the rest of the tree. As these cells die, they become part of the outer bark
87
the woody skin that stops a tree from dying out is called
bark
88
The second function of a stem is to
support the leaves and ensure that they receive adequate light, which the plant needs to produce food
89
the process for when plants release carbon dioxide and let oxygen into their cells
respiration
90
Transpiraton
the loss of water from a plant through evaporation
91
Chlorophyll
the pigment that makes leaves green
92
When people breed two types of plants to get desired characteristics, it is called
Selective breeding
93
Genes
genetic material from a plant that determines its genes
94
the production of seeds and fruits from specialized cells of two plants is called
sexual reproduction
95
Another word for asexual reproduction is
vegetative reproduction
96
Asexual reproduction is when
a parent plant grows new plants from its roots, stems or leaves
97
Cone
the part of the tree that has a series of woody scales
98
Pollination
the process of pollen traveling to the female cone
99
Stamen
the male reproductive organ of a plant
100
Pistil
the female reproductive organ of the plant
101
Petals are usually the
brightly coloured parts of the flower
102
Sepals
green and underneath the flower
103
cases containing male reproduction cells are called
pollen grains
104
Filament
the stalk that supports the anther
105
4 female reproductive organs
stigma, style, ovary, ovules
106
Stigma
the sticky lip of the pistil that captures pollen grains
107
Style
the stalk that support the stigma
108
Ovary
swollen base of pistil containing ovules
109
Ovules
sacs containing female reproductive cells
110
Sustainability
being able to grow food and fibre while keeping our natural systems healthy for the long term
111
The most common crops in alberta are
wheat, oats, canola and barley
112
Lois Hole helped to develop
special hardy seed varieties that could thrive in the Alberta climate
113
Irrigation
using a system of large sprinklers and pipes
114
Monoculture
only one type of plant in a field

Official Grade Seven Science (27 decks)

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