Midterm Flashcards
(96 cards)
- From a greek word for physical wound
- an event is traumatic if it is extremely upsetting at least temporarily overwhelms the individual’s internal resources and produces lasting psychological symptoms”
Trauma
memory of event that comes back as involuntary
Intrusion Symptoms
try not to be exposed to cues
Avoidance Symptoms
Definition of Trauma
an event is traumatic if it is extremely upsetting at least temporarily overwhelms the individual’s internal resources and produces lasting psychological symptoms”
Definition of trauma based on DSM PTSD criteria
A. Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence in one (or more) of the following ways
- Directly experiencing the traumatic event(s).
- Witnessing, in person, the event(s) as it occurred to others.
- Learning that the traumatic event(s) occurred to a close family member or close friend. In cases of actual or threatened death of a family member or friend, the event(s) must have been violent or accidental.
- Experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details of the traumatic event(s) (e.g., first responders collecting human remains; police officers repeatedly exposed to details of child abuse).
” During or right after the traumatic event.
“ How did you respond to the event?
“ Related to history of trauma, problems with stress tolerance and affect regulation, or cognitive predisposition
Peritraumatic Responses
During a traumatic event if you experience
Dissociation
“ Derealization
“ Depersonalization
Can increase chance of developing symptoms
o Peritraumatic Dissociation
” Fear, Horror
“ Ex. You’re at the bar and instead of freezing, you look for the nearest exit, scared but maintained some engagement with brain might not feel as helpless
“ Helplessness
“ Anger
“ Shame, Guilt
Higher distress, more likely to develop symptoms
o Peritraumatic Distress
Response from others and context the helps reduce effects of trauma
- Emotional Support
- Non-blaming acceptance
- Social acceptability of the traumatic event
- Social location of person
FOUR main criteria for PTSD
- Intrusion Symptoms
- Avoidance Symptoms
- Alterations in Cognitions and Mood
- Alterations in Arousal and Reactivity
- Inability to remember an important aspect of the event(s) (due to dissociative amnesia and not to head injury, alcohol, or drugs).
- Persistent and exaggerated negative beliefs or expectations about oneself, others, or the world.
- Persistent, distorted cognitions about the cause or consequences of the event(s) that lead to blame self or others.
- Persistent negative emotional state (fear, horror, anger, guilt, or shame).
- Markedly diminished interest or participation in significant activities.
- Feelings of detachment or estrangement from others.
- Persistent inability to experience positive emotions.
Alterations in Cognition and Mood
- Irritable behavior and angry outbursts (with little or no provocation).
- Reckless or self-destructive behavior.
- Hypervigilance.
- Exaggerated startle response.
- Problems with concentration.
- Sleep disturbance (e.g., difficulty falling or staying asleep or restless sleep)
Alteration in arousal and reactivity
PTSD specifier
Dissociative Symptoms
Two Dissociative Symptoms for PTSD
- Depersonalization
2. Derealization
Persistent or recurrent experiences of feeling detached from, and as if one were an outside observer of, one’s mental processes or body (e.g., feeling as though one were in a dream; feeling time moving slowly).
Ex. I don’t feel like myself
Depersonalization
Persistent or recurrent experiences of unreality of surroundings (e.g., the world is experienced as unreal, dreamlike, distant, or distorted).
Derealization
Happens all the time even without a trigger
They are not related to a particular event or trigger
Related to repetitive, relational in nature, started in childhood
The person acts like this on a regular basis
Complex Trauma
Three main symptoms associated with complex trauma
- Emotional Dysregulation
- Loss of self-integrity or self integration
- Compromised relationship with others.
Extreme Anxiety, someone honks “OMG WHAT HAPPENED”
HyPERarousal
Numbness, being here but not feeling anything, system is shutting down difficulty experiencing emotions
HyPOarousal
Associated with complex trauma
“Emotions we all have, just more intense and more frequent
Common denominators: self-estrangement, emotional deadness, feeling threatened by one’s own emotions
- these emotions are taking over me
Feeling threatened by one’s emotions - scared to feel, if I start feeling I’m going to fall apart, don’t trust your emotions
-Anger, fear, depression, sadness helplessness
Emotional Dysregulation
Feeling like my emotions are taking over me associated with emotional dysregulation
Self-estrangement
”- I got so angry and next thing I know I come back to my sense and the house is destroyed
“ “Hole” of who we are
“ Negative view of self, self-loathing. This can also be dissociated
“ Nobody loves me because I’m not good enough that’s why no one came to protect me
“ How come I couldn’t defend myself?
“ So painful we reject that part of ourselves
“ Self-image filled by disparaging messages
Loss of self-integrity and self regulation
An example of . ______ related to complex trauma I got so angry and next thing I know the house is destroyed
Loss of self integrity