Midterm

Question 1

interpersonal communication

Answer 1

dynamic form of communication between two (or more) people in which messages exchanged significantly influence their thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and relationships

Question 2

Interpersonal communication competence

Answer 2

consistently communicating in ways that are appropriate, effective, and ethical

Question 3

ethics

Answer 3

set of moral principles that guide our behavior toward others

Question 4

attachment styles

Answer 4

o Secure attachment
o Preoccupied attachment
o Dismissive attachment
o Fearful attachment

Question 5

Secure attachment

Answer 5

• low on both anxiety and avoidance

- comfortable w/ intimacy and seek close ties w/ others

Question 6

Preoccupied attachment

Answer 6

• high in anxiety and low in avoidance

- desire closeness but are plagued w/ fear of rejection

Question 7

Dismissive attachment

Answer 7

• low anxiety but high avoidance

- view close relationships as comparatively unimportant, instead prizing self-reliance

Question 8

Fearful attachment

Answer 8

• high in both attachment anxiety AND avoidance

- fear rejection and shun relationships

Question 9

Looking glass self

Answer 9

defining our self-concepts through thinking about how others see us

Question 10

Self-concept

Answer 10

mental image of your skills, abilities, knowledge, competencies, and personality

Question 11

self-esteem

Answer 11

evaluation of your self-concept

Question 12

self-fulfilling prophecies

Answer 12

predictions about future interactions that lead us to behave in ways that ensure the interaction unfolds as we predicted

Question 13

perception process

Answer 13

Selection – involves focusing attention on certain sights, sounds, tastes, touches, or smells in our environment
Organization – once something is selected, you structure it into a coherent pattern in your mind
Interpretation – assigning meaning to information we have selected

Question 14

Attributions

Answer 14

created explanations for others’ comments or behaviors

Question 15

interpersonal impressions

Answer 15

mental pictures of who people are and how we feel about them

Question 16

gestalts

Answer 16

general sense of person that’s either positive or negative

Question 17

halo effect/horn effect

Answer 17

tendency to positively/negatively interpret what someone says or does b/c we have a positive/negative Gestalt of them

Question 18

algebraic impressions

Answer 18

carefully evaluating each new thing we learn about a person

Question 19

stereotyping

Answer 19

overly simplistic interpersonal impressions

Question 20

primary emotions

Answer 20

• joy
• sadness
• fear
• surprise
• disgust
• anger

Question 21

managing emotions after they occur

Answer 21

• Suppression – inhibiting thoughts, arousal, and outward behavioral displays of emotion
• Venting – allowing emotions to dominate our thoughts and explosively expressing them

Question 22

preventing emotions

Answer 22

• Encounter avoidance – staying away from people, places, or activities that you know will provoke emotions you don’t want to experience
• Encounter structuring – intentionally avoiding specific topics that you know will provoke unwanted emotion during encounters w/ others
• Attention focus – intentionally devoting attention only to aspects of event or encounter that you know will not provoke undesired emotion
• Deactivation – systematically desensitizing yourself to emotional experience

Question 23

reappraising emotions

Answer 23

actively changing how you think about meaning of emotion-eliciting situations so emotional impact is changed

Question 24

emotional intelligence

Answer 24

ability to interpret emotion accurately and to use this info to manage emotions, communicate them competently, and solve relationship problems

1. Acute understanding of own emotions
2. Ability to see things from others’ perspectives and have sense of compassion regarding others’ emotional states
3. Aptitude for constructively managing own emotions
4. Capacity for harnessing emotional states in ways that create competent decision making, communication, and relationship problem solving

Question 25

personality traits

Answer 25

- openness - conscientiousness - extraversion - agreeableness - neuroticism

Question 26

display rules

Answer 26

guidelines for when, where, and how to manage emotion displays appropriately

Question 27

- Listening styles

Answer 27

habitual patterns of listening behaviors, which reflect attitudes, beliefs, and predispositions about listening

Question 28

Action-oriented listeners

Answer 28

want brief, to-the-point, and accurate information to make decisions or initiate courses of action

Question 29

Time-oriented listeners

Answer 29

prefer brief and concise encounters

Question 30

People-oriented listeners

Answer 30

view listening as opportunity to establish commonalities between themselves and others

Question 31

Content-oriented listeners

Answer 31

prefer to be intellectually challenged by messages they receive during interpersonal encounters and enjoy receiving complex and provocative information

Question 32

Selective listening

Answer 32

taking in only those parts of a message that are immediately salient during an interpersonal encounter and dismissing the rest

Question 33

Eavesdropping

Answer 33

intentionally listen in on private conversations

Question 34

Pseudo-listening

Answer 34

pretending to listen while preoccupied or bored

Question 35

Aggressive listening

Answer 35

listening to find opportunity to attack speaker

Question 36

Narcissistic listening

Answer 36

- self-absorbed listening | - redirects conversation to own interests

Question 37

recalling

Answer 37

remembering info after you've received, attended to, understood, and responded to it

Question 38

functions of listening

Answer 38

1. comprehend 2. discern 3. analyze 4. appreciate 5. support

Question 39

Characteristic of verbal communication

Answer 39

- Symbolic - governed by rules - flexible - cultural - evolves

Question 40

verbal communication

Answer 40

– exchange of spoken or written language w/ others during interactions

Question 41

Constitutive rules

Answer 41

define word meaning: they tell us which words represent which objects

Question 42

Regulative rules

Answer 42

govern how we use language when we verbally communicate

Question 43

Personal idioms

Answer 43

words and phrases that have unique meanings to them

Question 44

Dialects

Answer 44

variations on language of large groups in particular culture

Question 45

"I" language

Answer 45

phrases that emphasize ownership of your feelings, opinions, and beliefs

Question 46

language shaping thought

Answer 46

- Linguistic determinism – view that language defines boundaries of our thinking - Linguistic relativity – different cultures perceive and think about the world in different ways

Question 47

connotative meaning

Answer 47

additional understandings of word’s meaning based on situation and knowledge we and our communication partners share

Question 48

denotative meaning

Answer 48

literal meaning of words, as agreed on by members of culture

Question 49

deception

Answer 49

when people deliberately use uninformative, untruthful, irrelevant, or vague language for purpose of misleading others

Question 50

communication apprehension

Answer 50

fear or anxiety w/ interaction, which keeps someone from being able to communicate cooperatively

Question 51

high-context culture

Answer 51

people presume that others w/i culture will share their viewpoints and thus perceive situations in same way

Question 52

low-context culture

Answer 52

people tend NOT to presume that others share their beliefs, attitudes, and values