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Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

Lobar pn. caused by

A

Strep

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2
Q

Bronchopn. caused by

A

Staph aureus

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3
Q

Interstitial pn. caused by

A

Viral or mycoplasmal (atypical)

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4
Q

_____ pn. can affect healthy persons

A

Strep

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5
Q

_____ pn. is opportunistic

A

Staph

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6
Q

____ pn. spreads lat>med

A

Strep

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7
Q

Upper lung cavities (3)

A

TB, klebsiella, bronchogenic carcinoma

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8
Q

Lower lung cavities (2)

A

Aspiration (med) infarction (peripheral)

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9
Q

Cavities w/o fluid levels (3)

A

Abnormal lung group
Wegener’s
TB sometimes

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10
Q

Cavity w/ well-defined inner border, fuzzy outer border

A

TB

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11
Q

Acute bronchitis origin

A

95% viral- mycoplasma pneumonia, chlamydia pneumonia, bordetella pertussis

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12
Q

S/S acute bronchitis

A

Rhinitis, pharyngitis, fatigue, with our without fever and chills

Dry cough that may become productive

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13
Q

Acute bronchitis resolution

A

Self-limiting in several weeks

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14
Q

____ may complicate acute bronchitis in elderly

A

Pn.

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15
Q

Acute bronchitis radiology

A

Negative

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16
Q

Chronic bronchitis seen in

A

Smokers

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17
Q

Chronic bronchitis criteria

A

Productive cough >3 months per year for at least 2 years

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18
Q

Chronic bronchitis- _____ interferes with airflow

A

Mucus hypersecretion

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19
Q

Chronic bronchitis radiology

A

Increased cardiovascular markings

Cardiomegaly

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20
Q

Bronchiolitis seen in

A

Children under 2

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21
Q

Bronchiolitis organism

A

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

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22
Q

Bronchiolitis S/S

A

URI progressing to coughing, wheezing, dyspnea

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23
Q

Bronchiolitis resolution

A

Children get better with home care in days-months

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24
Q

Bronchiolitis radiology

A

Increased bronchovascular marking PERIPHERALLY, no consolidation or atelectasis

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25
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia previously called
Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia
26
COP histopathology
Bronchioles, alveoli and small bronchi become plugged with connective tissue
27
COP S/S
Nonproductive cough, dyspnea
28
COP etiology
Complication of chronic inflammation- RA, DM
29
COP treatment
Steroids- recover in weeks-months
30
COP radiology/ diagnosis
Resembles pneumonia but doesn't respond to antibiotics
31
Bronchiolitis obliterans AKA
Popcorn lung, obliterative bronchiolitis
32
Bronchiolitis obliterans histopathology
Bronchioloar inflammation, peribronchial fibrosis, luminal stenosis
33
Bronchiolitis obliterans S/S
Progressive dry cough, dyspnea, wheezing, tiredness
34
Bronchiolitis obliterans etiology
Inhaling irritant fumes | Diacetyl- used in butter flavoring
35
Bronchiolitis obliterans radiology
Nonspecific- hyperinflation, attenuation of vascular markings, reticular ILD
36
Bronchiectasis histopathology
Permanent dilation of medium-size (>2mm) bronchi due to destruction of elastic tissue. Cystic, cylindrical or varicose
37
MC causes of bronchiectasis
Cystic fibrosis, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, Kartagener's (dysmotile cilia), allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis , Marfan, chronic inflammatory conditions (RA, colitis, etc)
38
50% of Kartagener's cases have
situs inversus totalis
39
Bronchiectasis pathophysiology
Chronic bronchial inflammation, destruction of elastic fibers, dilation and mucus retention
40
Bronchiectasis associated with ____ deficiency
VIt D
41
Bronchiectasis S/S
Chronic cough and purulent sputum, maybe fever and dyspnea
42
Bronchiectasis radiollogy
Plain film normal or increased bronchovascular markings CT findings diagnostic: Signet ring- bronchus >1.5x vessel diameter Cystic bronchiectasis has honeycomb appearance
43
Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) formerly known as
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations (CCAM), congenital pulmonary cysts
44
Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation diagnosis
Antenatal ultrasound, neonatal respiratory distress
45
Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation etiology
Failure of normal bronchoalveolar development, Entire lobe replaced by non-working cystic lung
46
CPAM radiology
One or multiple thin walled, air-containing cyst
47
Pneumoconioses- _______ exposure to _____ dust
Long term, inorganic
48
Hypersensitivity- ______ exposure to ____ dust
Acute, organic
49
Silica is found in
Rock and sand
50
Silicosis requires ____ of exposure
20-30 years
51
Silica size
3-5 microns
52
Early silicosis
Small miliary nodules
53
Intermediate silicosis
Nodules, hilar enlargement, eggshell calcification of lymph nodes
54
Late silicosis
Silicosis + TB Upper lung scarring, retraction Hilum elevates (cicatrix) Angel wing
55
Coal worker's pneumoconiosis radiology
Early miliary | Late large fuzzy masses
56
Asbestosis MC in
Males due to occupation- navy shipyards, textiles
57
Asbestosis affects ___ lung
Lower lung due to large particles
58
Asbestosis types
Pleural and lung. Lung develops after pleural; may have pleural or both
59
Lung asbestosis
Basal lung fibrosis, non-specific
60
Pleural asbestosis
Pleural plaque
61
Pathognomonic for asbestosis
Linear calcification over diaphragm on lateral
62
Bauxite (aluminum) and diatomite
Both widespread honeycomb
63
Berillium
Fluorescent lighting Acute edema Latent period
64
Hypersensitivity lung disease organisms
Caused by moldy dust- thermoactinomyces vulgaris, micropolyspora faeni
65
Irritant gasses cause
Acute pulmonary edema/ land drowning
66
Silo filler's
Fermentation gas- nitrogen dioxide
67
Noninfectious granulomatous lung diseases (4)
Sarcoid (MC), silicosis, berryliosis, Wegener's
68
Primary infectious granulomatosis
Subsegmental pn., lymphadenopathy TB, fungal Immunocompetent
69
Postprimary infectious granulomatosis
Cavitation, fibrosis, upper lobe atelectasis | Immunocompromised
70
Residua of past granulomatous infection
Parenchymal calficic nodule (Gohn), calcific lymph nodes (Ranke/ Gohn), upper lobe volume loss and fibrosis, pleural thickening, splenic and hepatic calcification
71
Primary TB ____ asymptomatic
98%
72
TB reactivation timeline
Months-decades
73
MC skeletal TB
Spine (Pott's)
74
Primary TB S/S
Nonspecific- cough, dyspnea, weight loss, perspiration, anorexia, chest pain, ERYTHEMA NODOSUM, SCROFFULA,
75
Sarcoid etiology
Unknown
76
Sarcoid S/S
Lupus pernio is pathognomonic | Dyspnea
77
Sarcoid adenopathy
Hilar and RIGHT paratracheal | 123, Garland, pawnbroker's, potato
78
Lofgren's syndrome
Sarcoid, polyarthralgia, erythema nodosum, low grade fever | Scandinavians
79
Sarcoid parenchymal involvement mimics
Cannonball mets (large nodules)
80
Late sarcoid (#4)
Pulmonary insufficiency, cor pulmonale
81
Coccidiodomycosis causes
Pn., thin-walled cavitations, dissemination to bone (clavicle)
82
Histo found where
East of Mississippi, areas with rainfall, chicken manure
83
Histo causes what
Subsegmental pn., EXTENSIVE LYMPHADENOPATHY, ILD
84
Blastomycosis found where
Forested areas, soil
85
Blasto similar to
Coccidio- disseminates to bone
86
Blasto is opportunistic
False
87
Primary/ secondary aspergillosis
Primary- pn. | Secondary- fungus ball/ mycetoma
88
Pneumocystis carinii AKA
Jiroveci
89
Carinii/ jiroveci affects
AIDS patients, infants w/ disease
90
Carinii/ jiroveci presentation
Bronchopn. progressing to widespread consolidation, death
91
Hydatid disease AKA
Echinococcosis
92
Hydatids found where
Dog intestines, contaminated soil
93
Hydatid cysts MC where
Liver, then lung, bone, brain
94
Layers of hydatid cyst
Outer fibrous lung tissue Outer cyst membrane (exocyst) Thin inner wall (endocyst)
95
What sign associated with hydatid
Water Lily Sign

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