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ST Theory II > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

Helminths

A

Parasitic worms

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2
Q

Rickettsia

A

Bacteria transmitted by insects

Can cause Rocky Mountain Spotted fever

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3
Q

Viruses

A

Cannot be treated with antibiotics

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4
Q

Hep A

A

Most common type of viral hep

Spread by ingestion of contaminated food and water or feces

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5
Q

Hep B

A

Transmitted by blood, saliva, semen, bodily fluids

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6
Q

Hep C

A

Bloodborne pathogen

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7
Q

Herpes

A

Carried by the herpes simplex virus
Causes cold sores on lips and mouth
Genital herpes in the perianal region

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8
Q

Herpes Zoster

A

Causes shingles

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9
Q

HPV

A

Venereal warts

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10
Q

Prions

A

Do not contain DNA or RNA and are resistant to routine methods of sterilization
Can cause CJD

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11
Q

Bacteria reproduction

A

Asexual by binary fission

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12
Q

How are bacteria identified

A

Gram stain

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13
Q

How are bacteria classified

A

Shapes

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14
Q

Cocci

A

Round or spherical

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15
Q

Streptococci

A

Appear in chains
Can live with or without Oxygen
Found in the upper respiratory tract, GI, GU

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16
Q

Staphylococci

A

Appear in clusters

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17
Q

Spirochetes

A

Spiral-shaped

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18
Q

Bacilli

A

Rod-shaped

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19
Q

Cell wall

A

Confines/protects

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20
Q

cytoplasmic membrane

A

the doorway to the cell

the site of enzyme production

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21
Q

cytoplasm

A

jellylike substance

where proteins are made

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22
Q

nuclear material

A

cell division

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23
Q

flagella

A

enhance motility

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24
Q

endospore

A

resistant shell

nonpathogenic forms are used to test sterilizer efficiently

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25
Endemic
diseases that are present continually in the community
26
Epidemic
the appearance of an infectious disease that attacks many people at one time
27
Pandemic
an infectious disease that affects many people in multiple regions around the glove
28
Community-acquired infection
natural disease process present before the pt was admitted to the hospital
29
nosocomial infection
infection acquired in the hospital
30
superinfection
secondary infection that develops during or following antibiotic therapy
31
Exogenous
acquired from sources outside the body
32
endogenous
develops from sources within the body | why we do skin preps and practice bowel technique
33
Direct contact
hands blood bodily fluids
34
indirect contact
airborne | transmission from touching contaminated fomites etc
35
Cross infection
pt to pt
36
Standard precautions
established by the CDC combines universal precautions and body substance isolation implemented when bodily fluids are encountered enforced by OSHA
37
Staphylococcus Aureus
most common pathogen causing SSI | transmitted by the nose and mouth
38
Treponema Pallidum
Causes syphilis
39
Clostridium Tetani
Causes lockjaw | Found in soil contaminated with animal feces
40
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Found in burns
41
Clostridium Perfringens
Causes gas gangrene
42
Bacillus stearothermophilus
spore used to test steam under pressure sterilisers
43
3 phases of wound healing
Inflammatory Proliferation Remodeling
44
3 phases of wound closure
primary intention secondary intention delayed primary
45
Primary Intention
perfect case | wound edges are even and perfectly approximated
46
Secondary Intention
skin edges cannot be brought together | granulation happens and there is suppuration
47
Delayed primary
a combo of secondary and primary when the wound is heavily contaminated closed only when the infection is under control
48
Eukaryotes
all living things are made of this type of cell
49
gram-negative bacteria
appear red from the safranin stain
50
Gram positive bacteria
remain purple
51
Lister
established the first principles of aseptic technique
52
How long do we prep with 2 step prep?
10 minutes
53
What prep is safe to use on the face?
hibiclens
54
What antibiotic is used to treat MRSA?
vancomycin
55
What does mycin mean?
Antibiotic
56
List the drapes
``` Extremity Major laparotomy drape Minor lap drape Transverse drape Lithotomy drape Ear Eye Split sheet Head/beck Craniotomy Heart ```
57
What microbe is most commonly found colonizing human skin and mucosal surfaces?
Staphylococcus Aureus
58
Clostridium is an example of
An anaerobic bacteria
59
A round shaped cluster of bacteria is
Staphylococcus
60
The bacteria causing deep tissue nosocomial infections is
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
61
A mother who is nursing her infant is providing immunity to the child via which type of immunity?
Naturally acquired passive immunity
62
Cyto/cell
The basic unit of structure
63
Plasma membrane
Semipermeable boundary that acts as the doorway to the cell
64
Nucleus
Control center (has DNA/RNA)
65
Cytoplasm
Cellular material outside the nucleus | Contains organelles
66
Mitochondria
Powerhous of the cell | Contains ATP
67
Lysosomes
Perform digestive functions of the cell
68
Golgi apparatus
Delivers protein to the cell
69
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Transport system | Protein synthesis
70
Ribosome
The site of protein synthesis
71
Peroxisomes
Disarm free radicals
72
Centrioles
Function during cell division
73
Cilia
Hairlike structures
74
Flagella
Whiplike structures
75
Cytoskeleton
Framework of the cell
76
What are the 5 signs of infection
``` Redness Heat Swelling Pain Disturbance of function ```
77
Bacteria and viruses capable of causing disease are referred to as
Pathogenic
78
Following a third degre burn a pt contracts a deep tissue infection. This infection is most likely caused by
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
79
Hepatitis B is caused by a
Virus
80
Organisms in an autoclave are destroyed because the process does what?
Coagulates cell protein

ST Theory II (5 decks)

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