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OS1 Addie > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

Mesomorphic

A

Muscular or sturdy build - typical person

Mid range ROM, has relative prominence of structures developed from the embryonic mesoderm

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2
Q

Ectomorphic

A

Thin body build - long and linear frame. Tend to have higher ROM and greater prominence of structure derived from embryonic ectoderm

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3
Q

Endomorphic

A

Heavy build - obese w/ increased fatty tissue

Characterized by prominence of structure from the embryonic endoderm

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4
Q

Elastic barrier

A

The range between physiologic and Anatomic barriers of motion in which passive stretching occurs before tissue disruption (what is warmed up in stretching)

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5
Q

Anatomic barrier

A

Limit of motion imposed by Anatomic structure - limit of passive motion

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6
Q

Physiological barrier

A

The limit of active motion

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7
Q

Tenderpoints

A

Small, discrete hypersensitive areas that result in localized pain

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8
Q

Trigger points

A

Small, discrete hypersensitive areas w/in Myofascial structure. Palpation causes referred pain away from the site.

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9
Q

TTA acute

A

Red, swollen, boggy, increased tone

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10
Q

TTA chronic

A

Dry, cool, ropey, pale, decreased tone

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11
Q

Asymmetry chronic

A

Present; compensation occurs

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12
Q

Asymmetry acute

A

Present

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13
Q

Restriction acute

A

Present, painful w motion

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14
Q

Restriction chronic

A

Present, maybe not. Guarded or empty

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15
Q

Tenderness acute

A

Sharp pain

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16
Q

Tenderness chronic

A

Dull/achy pain

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17
Q

Motion has three components

A

Direction, range, and quality (smooth, ratcheting, restricted, and resistant)

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18
Q

End of ROM - elastic

A

Like a rubber band

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19
Q

End of ROM - abrupt

A

Osteoarthritis or hinge joint

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20
Q

End of ROM - hard

A

Somatic dysfunction

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21
Q

End of ROM- empty

A

Stops due to guarding (patient doesn’t allow due to pain)

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22
Q

End of ROM - crisp

A

Involuntary muscle guarding (happens in pinched nerves)

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23
Q

Static flexibility

A

Maximal ROM a joint can achieve w/ an externally applied force

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24
Q

Dynamic flexibility

A

ROM an athlete can produced and speed at which he/she can produce it

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25
Functional unit of the spine
Two vertebrae, their associate disc, neurovascular, and other soft tissues
26
Coupled motion
Consistent association of a motion along or about one axis w another motion about or along a second axis. The principle motion cannot be produced without the associate motion occurring as well (happens in spine)
27
Beighton score
Used to determine if patient has ehler’s danos. Greater than 4 = ehler’s If less than 3, can still have ehler’s but need to have additional symptoms
28
What is required to make a diagnosis of Ehrler Danos?
Two major criteria, one major criteria and two minor criteria, four minor criteria or two minor criteria and a family history in the first degree
29
Soft tissue
Directly applied to muscular and facial structures of the body and affect the associate neural and vascular elements
30
Soft tissue preparation facilitates...
Improvement of articular motion
31
What is fascia?
A complete system with blood supply, fluid drainage, and innervation composed of irregularly arranged fibrous elements of varying density
32
Show the continuity of fascia
Perimysium (fascia) —> peritendium —> periosteum
33
Pannicular fascia
Outermost layer of fascia derived from somatic mesenchyme. Surrounds entire body (except offices). Outer layer is adipose and inner layer is membranous/adherent
34
Axial & appendicular fascia
Internal to the pannicular layer. Will fuse to the pannicular and surround all of the muscles. Periosteum of bone and peritendon of tendons
35
Meningeal fascia
Surrounds the nervous system- includes the dura mater
36
Visceral fascia
Surrounds the body cavities (pleural, pericardial, and Peritoneum)
37
What does it mean that the fascia is omnipotent?
It has contractile (myofibrilblasts) and healing (macrophages and mast cells) properties
38
Viscoelastic material
Any material that deforms according to rate of loading and deformity
39
Stress
Force that attempts to deform a connective tissue structure
40
Strain
Percentage of deformation of a connective tissue
41
Hysteresis
Difference between loading and unloading characteristics represents energy that is lost in the connective tissue system - energy loss = hysteresis
42
Creep
Connective tissue under a sustained, constant load will elongate in response to the load
43
Ease
The direction in which the connective tissue may be moved most easily during deformational stretching. Palpate as a sense of looseness
44
Bind
A palpable restriction of connective tissue mobility
45
Fascial continuity (fascial sweater)
Restrictions of fascia in one area of the body will create connective tissue restrictions in other areas of the body, causing abnormal Myofascial and joint mobility
46
Hooke’s law
The strain (deformation) placed on an elastic body is in proportion to the stress (force) placed upon it
47
Wolff’s law
Bone will develop according to the stresses placed upon it. The same for fascia
48
Sherrington’s law
When a muscle receives a nerve impulse to contract, its antagonists receive, simultaneously, an impulse to relax
49
Common compensatory pattern
Left, right, left, right. 80% of healthy people
50
Uncommon compensatory pattern
R/L/R/L 20% of healthy people
51
ST indications
Restricted motion, TTA, sensitivity, feedback about tissue response, enhance circulation, improve immune response, provide tonic stimulation
52
ST contraindications
Severe osteoporosis (can move to lumbar region) and acute injuries
53
ST absolute contraindications
Fracture, dislocation, neurological entrapment syndromes, serious vascular compromise, local malignancy, local infection, and bleeding disorders
54
Soft tissue technique
Patient and physician comfort Pressure is applied 1 to 2 seconds followed by a released. Can increase amplitude while maintaining the rate as time goes on
55
Stretch
Increase distance between origin and insertion (parallel with muscle fibers)
56
Knead
Repetitive pushing of tissue perpendicular to muscle fibers | The bowstring - kneading
57
Inhibitions
Push and hold perpendicular to the fibers at the musculotendinous part of the hypertonic muscle. Hold until relaxation of tissue
58
MFR
Engages continual palpatory feedback to achieve the release of Myofascial tissues
59
INR
Integrated neuromuscular Myofascial release. Combined procedures are designed to stretch and reflexively release patterned soft tissue and joint related restrictions
60
REMs for INR
Breath holding, prone and supine stimulated swimming, R/L cervical rotation, isometric limb and neck movements against table/chair/etc, patient evoked movement from cranial nerves
61
Indications for MFR
Somatic dysfunction (ST or joint restrictions), when HVLA or muscle energy is contraindicated, when counter strain may be difficult secondary to a patients inability to relax
62
Absolute contraindications of MFR
Lack of patient consent and absence of somatic dysfunction
63
Relative contraindications of MFR
Infection of ST or bone, fracture, avulsion, dislocation, metastatic disease, ST injury, post-op patient, rheumatologist condition involving instability of cervical spine, DVT or anticoagulation therapy
64
Inherent forces
An activating force that uses the body’s primary respiratory mechanism
65
Respiratory cooperation
Activating force that refers to physician directing patient breathing while performing manipulative maneuvers
66
Patient cooperation
Activating force where patient is asked to move in specific directions to aid in mobilizing specific areas of restriction

OS1 Addie (1 decks)

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