Midterm

Question 1

Two key emotions of Depression

Answer 1

1. Low, sad state

2. Mania: state of breathless euphoria

Question 2

Most common form of Depression

Answer 2

unipolar depression

Question 3

Symptoms of depression

Answer 3

Emotional: “miserable”, “humiliated”
Motivational: lack drive, initiative
Behavioral: less active, less productive
Cognitive: hold negative views of themselves, blame themselves for events
Physical: headache, dizziness, pain, heavy feeling

Question 4

Unipolar depression

Answer 4

no history of mania, symptoms last 2+ weeks

Question 5

Dysthymic disorder

Answer 5

longer lasting but less disabling form of depression

Question 6

People of depression have abnormal levels of ___

Answer 6

cortosal

Question 7

Causes of depression

Answer 7

Behavioral: change in rewards/punishments
Cognitive: learned helplessness, negative thinking
Psychodynamic model: a loss event, grief (not heavily supported)

Question 8

Bipolar symptoms

Answer 8

Emotional: active, powerful emotions
Motivational symptoms: need for constant excitement, involvement, companionship
Behavior: very active, move quickly, talk loudly or rapidly
Cognitive: show poor judgement
Physical Symptoms: high energy level w/ little to no rest

Question 9

Criteria for Bipolar diagnosis

Answer 9

• manic episode: a week or more

- history of mania

Question 10

Fear vs. Anxiety

Answer 10

fear = response to threat
anxiety = state vs. trait
state - in the moment, trait - personality

Question 11

Examples of Anxiety Disorder

Answer 11

GAD, phobias, panic disorders, OCD, acute stress disorder, PTSD

Question 12

Symptoms of Anxiety Disorders

Answer 12

restless, on edge, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, muscle tension, sleep problems

Question 13

Benzos

Answer 13

found to reduce anxiety, incredibly addictive

ex: Xanax, Valium

Question 14

Phobias

Answer 14

persistent & unreasonable fears of particular objects, activities or situations

Question 15

True or False: the majority of people with phobias seek treatment

Answer 15

False

Question 16

True or False: Phobias often begin in childhood

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Modeling as a treatment

Answer 17

observation/imitation of others’ phobia, therapist confronts feared object

Question 18

Flooding as a treatment

Answer 18

Forced non gradual exposure

Question 19

Panic

Answer 19

an extreme anxiety reaction, can result when a real threat suddenly emerges

Question 20

treatment of panic

Answer 20

get patients to not see it as problematic

Question 21

True or False: attempts to ignore OCD trigger anxiety

Answer 21

True

Question 22

OCD compulsions

Answer 22

voluntary behaviors or mental acts

Question 23

OCD treatment

Answer 23

must realize behaviors are irrational

Question 24

dependence

Answer 24

more advanced pattern of use in which a person abuses a drug and also centers his/her life around it

Question 25

Types of drugs

Answer 25

depressants, stimulants, cannabis, hallucinogens

Question 26

Depressants

Answer 26

may reduce tensions, inhibitors, motor activity, affect central nervous system ex: alcohol, xanax

Question 27

Alcohol dependance

Answer 27

build up a physiological tolerance and need to drink greater amounts to feel its effects. Withdrawal symptoms

Question 28

Categories of Opioids

Answer 28

Natural: opium, heroin, morphine, codeine Synthetic: methadone

Question 29

Stimulants

Answer 29

ex: cocaine, amphetamines, caffeines, nicotines | Affect CNS

Question 30

Amphetamines

Answer 30

tolerance develops quickly, users at risk of becoming dependent (ex: meth)

Question 31

Two main diagnoses of eating disorders

Answer 31

- anorexia nervosa | - bulimia nervosa

Question 32

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 32

cutting out all sweets and fates, eventually restricting all food - peak age: 14-18 - escalation may be triggered by stressful event - key goal: becoming thin

Question 33

True or False: most recover from eating disorders

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Cognitive distortions of anorexia nervosa

Answer 34

- low opinion of body shape | - overestimate actual proportions

Question 35

psychological problems of anorexia nervosa

Answer 35

depressions, anxiety, low self-esteem, substance abuse

Question 36

anorexia medical problems

Answer 36

low body temp, low blood pressure, slow heart rate

Question 37

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 37

"binge-purge syndrome" = characterized by binges and inappropriate compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, misusing laxatives

Question 38

Bulimia Nervosa - most common compensatory behavior is ___

Answer 38

vomiting

Question 39

Similarities of eating disorders

Answer 39

dieting, desire to be thin, mental health concerns

Question 40

differences of eating disorders

Answer 40

- belemia = more of people pleasers

Question 41

True of False: benzos are a kind of stimulants

Answer 41

False: depressants

Question 42

True or False: Depressants affect the central nervous system

Answer 42

True

Question 43

True or False: heroin is a synthetic form of opioids

Answer 43

False: natural opioid

Question 44

Causes of eating disorders

Answer 44

psychological problems biological factors: mood disorder sociocultural conditions: family situation

Question 45

Type of eating disorder with higher risk of depression

Answer 45

Bulimia