midterm! Flashcards
(56 cards)
1
Q
GIU
A
- graphic user interface
* one way to operate in an OS
2
Q
OS
A
- operating system
- examples: ubuntu, windows, macOS, atom OS, chrome OS, android, iOS
- used for personalizing, hooking up to the internet, and password/username
3
Q
BASH
A
- a way of managing systems
- no graphics, just command line
- comes down from unix
4
Q
kinds of file permissions
A
- read: allows you to open and read whatever’s in the file (4)
- write: edit the file (2)
- execute: there’s a script that executes on the operating system and you can either allow or disallow that, like actually doing the thing the code allows says (1)
5
Q
644
A
- HTML file permission
- 6 is for owner, 4 is for group, 4 is other
- 6 is read + write, 4 is read
- |rw-|r- -|r - -|
6
Q
755
A
- HTML file permission
- 7 is for owner (read, write, execute), 5 is read and execute
- | rwx | r - x | r - x
7
Q
frontpage examples + permission sets
A
- HTML, CSS, javascript, image files
* 644
8
Q
only programming language in the front end is:
A
javascript
9
Q
markup languages in the front end
A
- hypertext markup language (HTML)
* cascading style sheets (CSS)
10
Q
back end
A
- interacting with the frontend, catching the events.
* things are not stored in the front end, but in the cloud. the backend catches them.
11
Q
examples of backend programming languages
A
- PHP, ruby, nojs-75
* needs 755 to execute
12
Q
FTP
A
- file transfer protocol
- application that allows you to upload and download files from and to a server
- filezilla
- they is also SFTP (secure)
- port 21 is FTP, 22 is SFTP
13
Q
terminal commands
A
- clear = clears everything
- files named “index” are homepages
- touch = create a file
14
Q
tags not requiring closing
A
<img></img><hr>
<br></br>
15
Q
basic HTML sublime set up
A
16
Q
iframe
A
- put a tiny version of another webpage in that webpage
* looks like:
17
Q
ways to connect CSS and HTML
A
- external CSS: you have fo have a .css file, then include it in your HTML with a tag
- internal CSS: you have to use a tag
- in-line CSS: you have to use HTML attribute called <tag style=“css code”>cose</tag>
18
Q
difference between tag and #id
A
- tag: all elements will be included
* id: only that one element will be included
19
Q
hexadecimal colors
A
- rgba
- rgb
- rrggbb
20
Q
rgb
A
- red green blue
- deals with light (cmyk deals with print)
- values from 0 - F
- # 000 is black, #FFF is white, #999 is gray
21
Q
rgba
A
- rgb goes from 0-255
* a is for alpha, translucency (0-1)
22
Q
javascript
A
- scripting language that adds interactivity and behaviors to web pages
- checks form entries for valid entries
- swapping out styles for an element or entire site
- loading scrolling feeds with more content automatically
- building interface widgets, such as embedded video players or special form inputs
23
Q
DOM
A
- document object model
* scripting used in relation to javascript
24
Q
AJAX
A
• asynchronous javascript and XML
25
W3C
* world wide web consortium
| * founded by tim berners-lee in 1994 at MIT
26
what is the internet?
• an international network of connected computers
27
protocols
• standardized methods for transferring data or documents over a network
28
what is the web?
* originally called world wide web
* one way information can be shared over the internet
* unique in that it allows documents to be linked to one another via hypertext links
* uses protocol called HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol)
29
server
* the software that allows the computer to communicate with other computers
* also called HTTP servers
30
IP address
• internet protocol address
31
DNS
* domain name system
| * how we refer to servers by their domain name instead of IP address
32
intranets
* special web-based networks
* created and function like ordinary websites
* use special security devices called firewalls that prevent the outside world from seeing them
33
extranet
* like an intranet
| * but allows access to select users outside of the organization
34
client
* software that does the requesting from the server
| * client-side = frontend
35
rendering engine
* program responsible for converting HTML and CSS into what you see rendered on a screen
* also called browser engine or layout engine
36
URL
* uniform resource locator
* every page and resource on the web has one
* subset of URI
37
HTTPS
• secure form of HTTP
38
source document
• text file behind the scenes
39
empty elements
• aka self closing tags
40
progressive enhancement
• a strategy for coping with unknown browser capabilities
41
RWD
* responsive web design
| * strategy for providing appropriate layouts to devices based on the size of the viewport (browser window)
42
WAI
* web accessibility initiative
* started by the W3C
* also there is the WAI-ARIA (accessible rich internet applications)
43
what is SFTP?
* secure file transfer protocol
* an application that allows you to upload and download files to and from a server
* used by filezilla
* in bash, you can type “sftp netID@i6.cims.nyu.edu” to connect our computer to another one on the internet
44
what does SSH mean? how do you use it?
* secure shell
* used to connect to a remote computer to manage the file system
* the command in bash is “ssh netID@i6.cims.nyu.edu”
* the terminal changes from the local environment to the remote environment
* once we are connected we can use bash commands to navigate and manage the web server’s resources
45
what is Bash?
* a command line utility that allows us to operate our computer systems
* allows us to connect to other computers over the internet using secure shell (SSH) or to download/upload files using SFTP
46
what is “cd”?
* a bash command
* “change directory”
* changes directory on the REMOTE system
47
what is “vim”?
• a simple text editor
• when in vim, we are taken to another user interface, UI, that is composed of two views:
1. insert view (i)
2. command view (esc)
• vim commands include :w to save or write a file to a disk, :q to quit out of vim
48
what is “cp”?
* bash command
| * copy a file
49
what is “mkdir”?
* bash command
* creates new folder
* mkdir
50
what is “rm”?
* bash command
* removes or deletes a file
* rm
51
what is “rmdir”?
* bash command
* deletes a folder
* rmdir
52
what is “passwd”?
* bash command
| * change your password
53
what is “pwd”?
* bash command
| * path of working directory
54
what is “ls”?
```
• bash command
• list files of a directory
• also there is
ls -a (which lists all files)
or
ls -l (long list of files)
```
55
how to add a favicon?
• create a .png file using photoshop, 32x32, name it “favicon.png” and save it at the root of your web project folder
• add to tag on index.html file
•
56
what is a terminal window on mac? why and when do you use it?
* command-line tool
* type Unix commands for setting file permissions, moving or copying files and directories, or managing the server software
* uses a shell program called bash
