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web design > midterm! > Flashcards

midterm! Flashcards

1
Q

GIU

A
  • graphic user interface

* one way to operate in an OS

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2
Q

OS

A
  • operating system
  • examples: ubuntu, windows, macOS, atom OS, chrome OS, android, iOS
  • used for personalizing, hooking up to the internet, and password/username
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3
Q

BASH

A
  • a way of managing systems
  • no graphics, just command line
  • comes down from unix
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4
Q

kinds of file permissions

A
  • read: allows you to open and read whatever’s in the file (4)
  • write: edit the file (2)
  • execute: there’s a script that executes on the operating system and you can either allow or disallow that, like actually doing the thing the code allows says (1)
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5
Q

644

A
  • HTML file permission
  • 6 is for owner, 4 is for group, 4 is other
  • 6 is read + write, 4 is read
    • |rw-|r- -|r - -|
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6
Q

755

A
  • HTML file permission
  • 7 is for owner (read, write, execute), 5 is read and execute
    • | rwx | r - x | r - x
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7
Q

frontpage examples + permission sets

A
  • HTML, CSS, javascript, image files

* 644

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8
Q

only programming language in the front end is:

A

javascript

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9
Q

markup languages in the front end

A
  • hypertext markup language (HTML)

* cascading style sheets (CSS)

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10
Q

back end

A
  • interacting with the frontend, catching the events.

* things are not stored in the front end, but in the cloud. the backend catches them.

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11
Q

examples of backend programming languages

A
  • PHP, ruby, nojs-75

* needs 755 to execute

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12
Q

FTP

A
  • file transfer protocol
  • application that allows you to upload and download files from and to a server
  • filezilla
  • they is also SFTP (secure)
  • port 21 is FTP, 22 is SFTP
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13
Q

terminal commands

A
  • clear = clears everything
  • files named “index” are homepages
  • touch = create a file
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14
Q

tags not requiring closing

A

<img></img><hr>

<br></br>

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15
Q

basic HTML sublime set up

A
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16
Q

iframe

A
  • put a tiny version of another webpage in that webpage

* looks like:

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17
Q

ways to connect CSS and HTML

A
  • external CSS: you have fo have a .css file, then include it in your HTML with a tag
  • internal CSS: you have to use a tag
  • in-line CSS: you have to use HTML attribute called <tag style=“css code”>cose</tag>
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18
Q

difference between tag and #id

A
  • tag: all elements will be included

* id: only that one element will be included

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19
Q

hexadecimal colors

A
  • rgba
  • rgb
  • rrggbb
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20
Q

rgb

A
  • red green blue
  • deals with light (cmyk deals with print)
  • values from 0 - F
  • # 000 is black, #FFF is white, #999 is gray
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21
Q

rgba

A
  • rgb goes from 0-255

* a is for alpha, translucency (0-1)

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22
Q

javascript

A
  • scripting language that adds interactivity and behaviors to web pages
  • checks form entries for valid entries
  • swapping out styles for an element or entire site
  • loading scrolling feeds with more content automatically
  • building interface widgets, such as embedded video players or special form inputs
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23
Q

DOM

A
  • document object model

* scripting used in relation to javascript

24
Q

AJAX

A

• asynchronous javascript and XML

25
Q

W3C

A
  • world wide web consortium

* founded by tim berners-lee in 1994 at MIT

26
Q

what is the internet?

A

• an international network of connected computers

27
Q

protocols

A

• standardized methods for transferring data or documents over a network

28
Q

what is the web?

A
  • originally called world wide web
  • one way information can be shared over the internet
  • unique in that it allows documents to be linked to one another via hypertext links
  • uses protocol called HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol)
29
Q

server

A
  • the software that allows the computer to communicate with other computers
  • also called HTTP servers
30
Q

IP address

A

• internet protocol address

31
Q

DNS

A
  • domain name system

* how we refer to servers by their domain name instead of IP address

32
Q

intranets

A
  • special web-based networks
  • created and function like ordinary websites
  • use special security devices called firewalls that prevent the outside world from seeing them
33
Q

extranet

A
  • like an intranet

* but allows access to select users outside of the organization

34
Q

client

A
  • software that does the requesting from the server

* client-side = frontend

35
Q

rendering engine

A
  • program responsible for converting HTML and CSS into what you see rendered on a screen
  • also called browser engine or layout engine
36
Q

URL

A
  • uniform resource locator
  • every page and resource on the web has one
  • subset of URI
37
Q

HTTPS

A

• secure form of HTTP

38
Q

source document

A

• text file behind the scenes

39
Q

empty elements

A

• aka self closing tags

40
Q

progressive enhancement

A

• a strategy for coping with unknown browser capabilities

41
Q

RWD

A
  • responsive web design

* strategy for providing appropriate layouts to devices based on the size of the viewport (browser window)

42
Q

WAI

A
  • web accessibility initiative
  • started by the W3C
  • also there is the WAI-ARIA (accessible rich internet applications)
43
Q

what is SFTP?

A
  • secure file transfer protocol
  • an application that allows you to upload and download files to and from a server
  • used by filezilla
  • in bash, you can type “sftp netID@i6.cims.nyu.edu” to connect our computer to another one on the internet
44
Q

what does SSH mean? how do you use it?

A
  • secure shell
  • used to connect to a remote computer to manage the file system
  • the command in bash is “ssh netID@i6.cims.nyu.edu”
  • the terminal changes from the local environment to the remote environment
  • once we are connected we can use bash commands to navigate and manage the web server’s resources
45
Q

what is Bash?

A
  • a command line utility that allows us to operate our computer systems
  • allows us to connect to other computers over the internet using secure shell (SSH) or to download/upload files using SFTP
46
Q

what is “cd”?

A
  • a bash command
  • “change directory”
  • changes directory on the REMOTE system
47
Q

what is “vim”?

A

• a simple text editor
• when in vim, we are taken to another user interface, UI, that is composed of two views:
1. insert view (i)
2. command view (esc)
• vim commands include :w to save or write a file to a disk, :q to quit out of vim

48
Q

what is “cp”?

A
  • bash command

* copy a file

49
Q

what is “mkdir”?

A
  • bash command
  • creates new folder
  • mkdir
50
Q

what is “rm”?

A
  • bash command
  • removes or deletes a file
  • rm
51
Q

what is “rmdir”?

A
  • bash command
  • deletes a folder
  • rmdir
52
Q

what is “passwd”?

A
  • bash command

* change your password

53
Q

what is “pwd”?

A
  • bash command

* path of working directory

54
Q

what is “ls”?

A 
• bash command
• list files of a directory
• also there is
ls -a (which lists all files)
or 
ls -l (long list of files)
55
Q

how to add a favicon?

A

• create a .png file using photoshop, 32x32, name it “favicon.png” and save it at the root of your web project folder
• add to tag on index.html file
•

56
Q

what is a terminal window on mac? why and when do you use it?

A
  • command-line tool
  • type Unix commands for setting file permissions, moving or copying files and directories, or managing the server software
  • uses a shell program called bash

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