Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Cardiopulmonary Rehab > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

(67 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the purpose of the thorax?

A

cover and protect major organs of cardiopulmonary system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the “angle of louis”?

A

level of bifurcation of the trachea into R & L main bronchi stems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the true ribs (vertebrosternal)

A

1-7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the false ribs (vertebrochondral)

A

8-10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the floating ribs (vertebral)

A

11-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why would a chest tube need to be placed above the ribs?

A

to avoid trauma of the inferior vasculature and nerve supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does the mediastinum contain

A

thoracic viscera; EXCLUDING the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where does the mediastinum lie?

A

b/t R & L pleura of lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

Outer most layer of heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

outer layer of pericardium is called what?

A

parietal pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

inner, smooth, thin layer of the pericardium is called what?

A

visceral pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the myocardium facilitate?

A

pumping due to its contractile elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How much pericardial fluid is within the pericardial space?

A

10-20 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Myocardial cells promote what?

A

automaticity, rhythmicity, and conductivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the endocardium?

A

innermost layer which lines the heart chambers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is ranked first as leading cause of death?

A

heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the layers of coronary arteries from outer to inner?

A

adventitia –> media –> intima

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what layer of the coronary arteries does vasoconstrictor meds work on and why?

A

media; due to it is composed of smooth mm cells that adjust diameter of limen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what layer of coronary arteries do lipoproteins accumulate?

A

intima; due to it being selectively permeable to LDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what two things are most likely to accumulate in the intima?

A

lipoproteins & fibrinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the layers of the intima?

A

endothelial layer, basement membrane, elastin, & collagen fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the primary driving force moving blood into myocardial tissue?

A

DBP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what does vasomotor tone do?

A

plays role in determining volume of blood passed along to tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is resistance to flow commonly caused by?

A

atherosclerosis; (think about blockage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
explain LV end-diastolic pressure
pressure within the ventricle at end diastole
26
explain the relationship b/t the number of risk factors and likelihood of CAD/CHD
the more risk factors the greater the chance of acquiring CAD/CHD
27
what BP increases risk for CAD
140/90
28
what HDL levels are considered risk factors for CVD
M: <40 F: <50
29
what triglyceride level is considered high?
>150 mg/dL
30
are M or F more likely to have MI or CHD?
Males before age of 55; until Female hits menopause then its equal
31
with a STEMI what will be present on the ECG
Q wave
32
which is worse, V tach or V fib?
V fib; bc v tach turns into v fib & also bc rate could exceed 200 bpm
33
what side effects will women experience /c angina?
atypical; s/s normally silent
34
with angina, what happens to myocardial O2 demand?
increases but supply is unable to be fulfilled
35
with printzmetal (variant) angina, what COULD be present on ECG?
ST segment elevation
36
what is the best predictor of an MI?
ECG
37
Factors that contribute to unstable angina?
1. circadian variations in catecholamine levels 2. increase in plasma viscosity 3. increases in platelet activation 4. pathological changes in atherosclerotic plaques
38
What is STEMI a result of?
complete occlusion of major coronary artery
39
What is a non STEMI a result of?
partial (not complete) occlusion of major coronary artery
40
if the R coronary artery is occluded, what area of the heart is affected?
inferior portion of the heart
41
what are complications /c R coronary artery infarcts?
AV block and/or arrhythmias
42
Left main coronary artery occlusion result in infarcts and what damage?
anterior and lateral heart; pump dysfunction
43
Left anterior descending artery occlusion results in infarcts and what damage?
anterior heart; pump dysfunction
44
Circumflex artery occlusion results in infarcts and what damage?
lateral; no specific damage
45
How soon should NTG be administered following angina?
within 20 min of onset
46
what is aspirin used for when managing acute coronary syndrome
prevention of clot formation; break down clot
47
what are the essentials for managing acute coronary syndrome?
aspirin, improve O2 perfusion, limitation of infarct size, prophylaxis (calm) arrhythmias, control other complications
48
what is dyssynchrony
uncoordinated contractions /c adjacent segments
49
what is hypokinesia
reduced strength of contraction
50
what is akinesia
no contraction
51
what are dyskinesis
abnormal contraction
52
If you have a pt /c >40% involvement of the LV, what is your biggest concern
immediate death
53
If you have a pt /c >15% involvement of the LV, what could result?
a drop in SV & elevated diastolic volume
54
What factors affect ventricular remodeling
1. size of infarct 2. ventricular load 3. patency of affected artery
55
What does the prognosis of MI depend on?
- complications - size of infarct - disease presence in other coronary arteries - LV function
56
What are BP norms?
``` normal = <120/80 pre = 120-139/80-89 S1= 140-159/90-99 S2= >159/99 ```
57
what are the major determinants of BP?
CO & TPR
58
With HTN, increased pressure in LV could lead to what
LV hypertrophy
59
If the LV has diastolic dysfunction as a result from hypertensive heart disease what results?
it will have issues /c relaxation (issues /c filling of LV)
60
Systolic dysfunction results in what
heart failure /c reduced EF
61
Diastolic dysfunction results in what
heart failure /c preserved EF
62
With the use of beta blockers, what will be skewed and what should be monitored in its place?
HR will be skewed and RPE should be monitored
63
What are the side effects of systolic heart failure?
decreased SV, EF; increased ESV; HFrEF
64
what are the side effects of diastolic heart failure
impaired ventricle filling; impaired ventricle relaxation; increase in diastolic pressure; HFpEF
65
what is the most common cause of CMD?
congestive heart faiure
66
how does HTN contribute to CHF?
increase in arterial pressure results in LV hypertrophy which over stretches the contractile fibers
67
what is the second most common cause of CMD?
CAD

Cardiopulmonary Rehab (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions